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Quantum Optics Journal of the European Optical Society Part B

Superradiance of two-component media

A V Andreev, P V Polevoy

Published Apr 1, 1994• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The superradiance (SR) phenomenon is considered for the case of a medium consisting of two resonant components. It is shown that the dynamics of emission in this case differs essentially from that for a monocomponent medium. The use of a two-component medium results in a substantial weakness in the requirements for duration of the pumping pulse. The peak pulse intensity of superradiance for the case of a two-component medium can exceed that for each of the components separately. By varying the active medium length and concentration of components we can control the spatiotemporal dynamics of emission. This enables us to transform the broadened pumping pulse of a lower intensity into the ultrashort high intensity pulse of SR.

DOI
10.1088/0954-8998/6/2/001

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Quantum Electronics•Jul 31, 1996•0 citations
The superradiance (SR) phenomenon is considered for the case of a medium consisting of two resonant components. It is shown that the dynamics of emission in this case differs essentially from that for a monocomponent medium. The use of a two-component medium results in a substantial weakness in the requirements for duration of the pumping pulse. The peak pulse intensity of superradiance for the case of a two-component medium can exceed that for each of the components separately. By varying the active medium length and concentration of components we can control the spatiotemporal dynamics of emission. This enables us to transform the broadened pumping pulse of a lower intensity into the ultrashort high intensity pulse of SR.
A method is proposed for substantially reducing the length of superradiance pulses and increasing their intensity. The idea is to introduce an additional coherent resonant component, with a higher Rabi frequency, in a superradiance medium. The superradiance intensity of a two-component medium of this sort can be substantially higher than that of either component individually. The pump pulse can be several orders of magnitude longer than the generation pulse. The parameters of the generation pulse are controlled by varying the length and composition of the active medium.
The two—component superradiative medium consists of two species of atoms with the different dipole moments of the quasi-resonant transitions. The atoms with the smaller dipole moment are initially in the excited state, while е atoms of the second type are initially in the ground state. In the initial stage of the superradiance dynamics the first component is amplifying one, the second component is resonantly absorbing. By varying the concentration of the resonantly absorbing atoms it is possible to increase the intensity of superradiance in the few order of magnitude with respect to the monocomponent medium of the amplifying atoms alone. Here we show that the variation in the distribution of the component densities enables us the additional possibilities in the control of the superradiance pulse parameters. The additional increase in the order of magnitude for the peak pulse intensity is obtained at the optimal distribution. The nature of such variation in the pulse profile and its intensity is due to the opportunity for the effective spatial mode selection in the spatial inhomogeneous media. We discuss the algorithms of е numerical solution and show that the enhanced accuracy methods can be developed in this case.
A theoretical model for the propagation of coherent light pulses in resonant media where a large number of atoms cooperate in spontaneous emission (superradiance) is discussed. The medium is supposedly free of inhomogeneous broadening, and no lossy relaxation mechanisms are taken into account. The conditions for the emission of all spontaneous radiation in the direction of pulse propagation are described. A semi-classical model is used and, at each point in the medium, the propagation field and the spontaneous damping field are considered separately. The equation governing the evolution of a superradiant system in the presence of an applied pulse is derived. A mechanism of energy transfer from the traveling pulse to the medium is described which includes superradiant spontaneous emission effects. As a result of the neglect of all lossy relaxation processes, all energy stored in the medium is eventually returned to the pulse by coherent spontaneous emission. Therefore, in this theory, all pulses travel through the medium without energy loss. Numerical results for square input pulses are discussed which show two possible types of propagation behavior: (a) Low input intensities produce a negative tail to the input (positive) pulse and sharpening of the tail with the advance in the medium; (b) higher input intensities produce, after sufficient penetration, a steady-state pulse envelope somewhat similar to the $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulses of self-induced transparency. The steady-state solutions of the equations of motion are found numerically and the pulse shapes are computed for different degrees of superradiance. In the limit of strong superradiance, very asymmetric pulse envelopes of large area are found. For negligible superradiance, approximately $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ hyperbolic-secant pulses are obtained. The effects of inhomogeneous broadening are briefly considered, and the consequences of important superradiant damping in photon-echo experiments are qualitatively discussed.
An investigation is made of the dynamics of the superradiance of two-component quasiresonant media with similar frequencies of superradiant transitions. It is shown that variation of the detuning of the frequencies of the components can increase the peak intensity of a superradiance pulse and simultaneously reduce its temporal width. The range of the detuning of the frequencies of the components ensuring generation of the strongest and shortest superradiance pulse is determined. It is demonstrated that superradiance pulses emitted by two-component quasiresonant media may be delayed by a considerable time, which is significantly longer than the temporal width of the superradiance pulse itself.