The quantum-mechanical probability density

Chol Jong, Jin-Sim Kim, Shin-Hyok Jon +1 more

The main problem of quantum mechanics is to elucidate why the probability density is the modulus square of wave function. For the purpose of solving this problem, we explored the possibility of deducing the fundamental equation of quantum mechanics by starting with the probability density. To do so, it is necessary to formulate a new theory of quantum mechanics distinguished from the previous ones. Our investigation shows that it is possible to construct quantum mechanics in phase space as an alternative autonomous formulation and such a possibility enables us to study quantum mechanics by starting with the probability density rather than the wave function. This direction of research is contrary to configuration-space formulation of quantum mechanics starting with the wave function. Our work leads to a full understanding of the wave function as the both mathematically and physically sufficient representation of quantum-mechanical state which supplements information on quantum state given solely by the probability density with phase information on quantum state. The final result of our work is that quantum mechanics in phase space satisfactorily elucidates the relation between the wave function and the probability density by using the consistent procedure starting with the probability density, thus corroborating the ontological interpretation of the wave function and withdrawing a main assumption of quantum mechanics.

John Edward Gough, Joachim Kupsch

Y. Kurihara, Nhi My Uyen Quach

We discuss reasons why a probability amplitude, which becomes a probability density after squaring, is considered as one of the most basic ingredients of quantum mechanics. First, the Heisenberg/Schrödinger equation, an equation of motion in quantum mechanics, describes a time evolution of the probability amplitude rather than of a probability density. There may be reasons why dynamics of a physical system are described by amplitude. In order to investigate one role of the probability amplitude in quantum mechanics, specialized codeword-transfer experiments are designed using classical information theory. Within this context, quantum mechanics based on probability amplitude provides the following: i) a minimum error of the codeword transfer; ii) this error is independent of coding parameters; and iii) nontrivial and nonlocal correlation can be realized. These are considered essential advantages of the probability amplitude over the probability density.

Lorenzo Campos Venuti, Paolo Zanardi A

Y. Kurihara, Nhi My Uyen Quach

We discuss reasons why a probability amplitude, which becomes a probability density after squaring, is considered as one of the most basic ingredients of quantum mechanics. First, the Heisenberg/Schrodinger equation, an equation of motion in quantum mechanics, describes a time evolution of the probability amplitude rather than of a probability density. There may be reasons why dynamics of a physical system are described by amplitude. In order to investigate one role of the probability amplitude in quantum mechanics, specialized codeword-transfer experiments are designed using classical information theory. Within this context, quantum mechanics based on probability amplitude provides the following: i) a minimum error of the codeword transfer; ii) this error is independent of coding parameters; and iii) nontrivial and nonlocal correlation can be realized. These are considered essential advantages of the probability amplitude over the probability density.