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Physical Review Letters

Linear and nonlinear optical measurements of the Lorentz local field

Jeffery J. Maki, Michelle S. Malcuit, John E. Sipe, Robert W. Boyd

Published Aug 19, 1991• 219 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have studied the resonant optical response of a dense atomic potassium vapor under conditions such that the response is strongly influenced by local-field effects. Our experimental results are in good agreement with the predictions of theory. We have also discovered a collision-induced shift of the potassium resonance lines given by \ensuremath{\Delta}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{l}=}$\ensuremath{\beta}N, where \ensuremath{\beta}=-5.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}8}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ for the 4 $^{2}$${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}$\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}4 $^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{1/2}$ transition and where \ensuremath{\beta}=-3.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}8}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ for the 4 $^{2}$${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}$\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}4 $^{2}$${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}$\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}4 $^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{3/2}$ transition.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.67.972

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Measurement of the Stark-induced amplitudes of the 6 P1/2 →7 P1/2 transition in atomic thallium

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Physical Review A•Dec 1, 1994•15 citations
We have studied the resonant optical response of a dense atomic potassium vapor under conditions such that the response is strongly influenced by local-field effects. Our experimental results are in good agreement with the predictions of theory. We have also discovered a collision-induced shift of the potassium resonance lines given by \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremathωcol={\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{l}=}\ensuremathωcol=​\ensuremath{\beta}N, where \ensuremath{\beta}=-5.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}10\ensuremath−8{10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}8}10\ensuremath−8 sec\ensuremath−1{\mathrm{sec}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}sec\ensuremath−1 cm3{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}cm3 for the 4 ^{2}$${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}4 ^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{1/2} transition and where \ensuremath{\beta}=-3.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}10\ensuremath−8{10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}8}10\ensuremath−8 sec\ensuremath−1{\mathrm{sec}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}sec\ensuremath−1 cm3{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}cm3 for the 4 ^{2}$${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}4 ^{2}$${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}4 ^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{3/2} transition.
We discuss recently published results of experimental studies of dipole-dipole broadened line shapes in excited atomic vapors. The Lorentz local-field shift and self-broadened width were measured in optically excited potassium and rubidium vapors. Strong reduction of the shift and width was observed. This effect allowed resolve electromagnetically induced dressed states inside the self-broadened spectral profile. The experimental results were interpreted using well-known models of the dipole-dipole interactions.
The Lorentz-Lorenz equation predicts that the dispersion feature of an isolated optical resonance should have a density-dependent frequency shift toward the red end of the spectrum. We have investigated the dispersion feature experimentally by observing the frequency dependence of the Fresnel reflection (selective reflection) from the boundary between a dense atomic potassium vapor and the window of the vessel containing the vapor. We find that the selective-reflection features of both the S1/2-P1/2 (770.1 nm) and S1/2-P3/2 (766.7 nm) lines of potassium shift increasingly toward the red and broaden as the number density of the vapor is increased to 2 × 1017 atoms/cm3. We compare the results of the experiment to theoretical predictions for the selective reflection. The broadening is well described by conventional binary collision theory; however, the observed red shift of both of the lines is somewhat larger than that predicted by the Lorentz-Lorenz equation. It is possible that other mechanisms that lead to frequency shifts are occurring.
A measurement of the Stark-induced amplitudes \ensuremath{\alpha} and \ensuremath{\beta} for the 6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​ transition in atomic thallium is reported. Absorption of cw laser light tuned to this transition at 293 nm was compared to absorption of 378-nm cw laser light tuned to the allowed 6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7S1/2{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}S1/2​ transition. The absorption sample was an intense atomic beam in the presence of a strong electric field. The measured values are \ensuremath{\alpha}=2.01(4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$ ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$/ (V/cm) and \ensuremath{\beta}=1.67(4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$/ (V/cm), where ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$ is the Bohr magneton. These results are in agreement with semiempirical theory, but disagree with previous measurements of these amplitudes in this laboratory. A critical analysis of the previous measurement is given to explain the discrepancy. The newly measured value of \ensuremath{\beta} makes it necessary to reinterpret previous measurements of parity nonconservation in the 6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​ transition. In the course of the present experiment, Stark shifts of the 6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​ and 6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7S1/2{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}S1/2​ transitions were also measured: \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}(6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7S1/2{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}S1/2​)=-112(6) kHz/(kV/cm)2{)}^{2})2 and \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}(6P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}7P1/2{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}P1/2​)=-618(31) kHz/(kV/cm)2{)}^{2})2. These results are also in good agrement with semiempirical theory.