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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Narrowband 87 Rb Resonant Downconversion Source for Quantum Memories

Ana Predojević, J. M. Caballero, Z. Zhai, Morgan W. Mitchell, Eugene Simon Polzik

Published Jun 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we present a technically improved source of such rubidium resonant squeezed light. It uses a new pumping laser system and a technologically advanced locking scheme. To produce squeezed light, we use the proven technique of downconversion within a subthreshold OPO but with one distinct difference: our OPO is not pumped by a Ti:Sapphire laser, but by a diode laser system. This system consists of an external-cavity diode laser which is further amplified by an optical tapered amplifier and then frequency doubled in a LBO doubling cavity.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2007.4386919

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In this paper, we present a technically improved source of such rubidium resonant squeezed light. It uses a new pumping laser system and a technologically advanced locking scheme. To produce squeezed light, we use the proven technique of downconversion within a subthreshold OPO but with one distinct difference: our OPO is not pumped by a Ti:Sapphire laser, but by a diode laser system. This system consists of an external-cavity diode laser which is further amplified by an optical tapered amplifier and then frequency doubled in a LBO doubling cavity.
A frequency-tunable source of squeezed light would allow investigations of the atom-field interaction in a regime where fundamental new phenomena have been predicted.1 There are also opportunities for spectroscopy with sensitivity beyond the shot-noise limit. Toward these objectives, in our experiment we employ a single-frequency Ti-sapphire laser with tuning optimized around 852 nm (cesium resonance transition). The infrared output of the laser is frequency doubled in an external buildup cavity with a KNbO3 crystal as the nonlinear element. Efficient doubling provides 0.65 W of tunable blue output for 1.35 W of infrared input. This blue output is then used to pump an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) containing a second KNbO3 crystal for downconversion back to the infrared. The high power of the blue pump that we have achieved and the large nonlinearity of KNbO3 allows us to employ an OPO that is resonant only for the subharmonic infrared light. This design facilitates tuning of the OPO compared with the case in which the blue pump and the infrared are both resonant. The doubling cavity, OPO, and laser itself are locked relative to a stable reference cavity by an rf sideband technique, thus providing the possibility for tunability of the system with a single knob.
We demonstrate a diode-laser-pumped system for generation of quadrature squeezing and polarization squeezing. Due to their excess phase noise, diode lasers are challenging to use in phase-sensitive quantum optics experiments such as quadrature squeezing. The system we present overcomes the phase noise of the diode laser through a combination of active stabilization and appropriate delays in the local oscillator beam. The generated light is resonant to the rubidium D1D1D1 transition at 795nm795\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}795nm and thus can be readily used for quantum memory experiments.
We present the quadrature and polarization squeezing generated by a sub-threshold optical parametric oscillator (OPO) resonant to rubidium D1 line and pumped by a frequency-doubled diode laser. We demonstrate here a technique to eliminate the effects of laser phase noise on quadrature squeezing. The technique uses cavity stabilization of the laser frequency, in combination with a carefully chosen delay between the squeezed light and the local oscillator beam. By introducing fiber delay lines into the local oscillator path the group delay between squeezing path and local oscillator path can be matched so that phase fluctuations of the primary laser are canceled out in white-light configuration.
A frequency tunable source of squeezed light has been developed for application to a variety of problems in atomic physics. The basic experimental arrangement consists of a subthreshold optical parametric oscillator (OPO) that is pumped by the frequency-doubled output of a titanium-sapphire laser. Squeezed light with continuous tunability of 2 GHz has been generated with a directly observed nonclassical noise reduction of 5.0 dB relative to the vacuumstate limit in a balanced homodyne detector (5.2 dB when corrected for detector noise). Although our source is potentially broadly tunable over the noncritical phase-matching bandwidth of potassium niobate, current research has concentrated on operation at 852 nm for excitation of the D2 line of atomic cesium. Relative to the usual quantum limit associated with vacuumstate fluctuations, enhanced sensitivity is demonstrated for the detection of Doppler-free resonances in FM saturation spectroscopy, with an improvement of 3.1 dB directly observed and 3.8 dB after correction for detector noise.
We have built a compact light source for bright squeezed twin-beams at 795\,nm based on four-wave-mixing in atomic 85^{85}85Rb vapor. With a total optical power of 400\,mW derived from a free running diode laser and a tapered amplifier to pump the four-wave-mixing process, we achieve 2.1\,dB intensity difference squeezing of the twin beams below the standard quantum limit, without accounting for losses. Squeezed twin beams generated by the type of source presented here could be used as reference for the precise calibration of photodetectors. Transferring the quantum correlations from the light to atoms in order to generate correlated atom beams is another interesting prospect. In this work we investigate the dispersion that is generated by the employed four-wave-mixing process with respect to bandwidth and dependence on probe detuning. We are currently using this squeezed light source to test the transfer of spatial information and quantum correlations through media of anomalous dispersion.