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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Steady-state absorption–dispersion properties and four-wave mixing process in a quantum dot nanostructure

Xiangying Hao, Jing Wu, Ying Wang

Published Feb 22, 2012• 39 citations
Publisher

Abstract

With the presence of the signal pulse, a quantum dot (QD) four-level structure interacting with four fields forms a double-cascade configuration. The linear optical properties for amplification, absorption, and dispersion of two weak near-infrared (NIR) lights in this scheme are investigated. It shows that the amplification, transparency, normal and anomalous dispersion of the probe and signal fields, i.e., the two NIR waves, can be achieved by adjusting the relative phase of the applied lasers, the probe detuning, and the two pump Rabi energies appropriately, while when the signal pulse is removed, the nonlinear optical phenomenon four-wave mixing (FWM) originating from quantum interference is demonstrated. A highly efficient FWM process with a NIR mixing field generated can be realized in this system. Such investigation in a semiconductor QD system with flexible design and widely adjustable parameters may provide new possibilities for realizing the efficient generation and gain of NIR waves and manipulating light propagation between subluminal and superluminal in the solid-state materials.

DOI
10.1364/josab.29.000420

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With the presence of the signal pulse, a quantum dot (QD) four-level structure interacting with four fields forms a double-cascade configuration. The linear optical properties for amplification, absorption, and dispersion of two weak near-infrared (NIR) lights in this scheme are investigated. It shows that the amplification, transparency, normal and anomalous dispersion of the probe and signal fields, i.e., the two NIR waves, can be achieved by adjusting the relative phase of the applied lasers, the probe detuning, and the two pump Rabi energies appropriately, while when the signal pulse is removed, the nonlinear optical phenomenon four-wave mixing (FWM) originating from quantum interference is demonstrated. A highly efficient FWM process with a NIR mixing field generated can be realized in this system. Such investigation in a semiconductor QD system with flexible design and widely adjustable parameters may provide new possibilities for realizing the efficient generation and gain of NIR waves and manipulating light propagation between subluminal and superluminal in the solid-state materials.
A four-level quantum dot (QD) nanostructure interacting with four fields (two weak near-infrared (NIR) pulses and two control fields) forms the well-known double-cascade configuration. We investigate the cross-phase modulation (XPM) between the two NIR pulses. The results show, in such a closed-loop scheme, that the XPM can be greatly enhanced, while the linear absorption and two-photon absorption (gain) can be efficiently depressed by tuning the relative phase among the applied fields. This protocol may have potential applications in NIR all-optical switch design and quantum information processing with the solid-state materials.
In this working, we introduce a Q-DD composed of two QDs. We find that the absorption and dispersion spectra of the light pulse can be changed via the effect of and inter-dot tunnel couplings and probe pumping field of QDs. Then, we employ the steady state and dynamical state in the four-level double QDs system. The slope of dispersion switches from positive to negative. Therefore, both superluminal and Subluminal light propagations can be achieved by simply applying a gate voltage to the double inter dot tunnel coupling. It is also demonstrated that by applying the indirect pump probe field to the probe transition the absorption-free superluminal light propagation is obtained. The results show that by proper tuning of the bias voltage. This structure also indicates that a wide range of linearity from negative to positive can be simply adjusted via a bias voltage, which would result in wide control of signal beam.
We propose a scheme to generate structured light using a medium consisting of semiconductor quantum dots via four-wave mixing (FWM). We consider a four-level quantum-dot structure where two strong electromagnetic fields couple upper-level biexciton transitions, whereas a weak field is applied to one of the ground-level exciton transitions. A weak signal field is generated, corresponding to a second ground-level exciton transition; thus the overall configuration transforms into a closed-loop diamond-type shape. To realize a spatially dependent modulating quantum-dot medium, we consider strong coupling fields as structured lights and investigate different regions of spatially structured electromagnetically induced transparency via absorption of the generated signal field. The azimuthal phase-dependent modulation of the absorption profile of the generated signal field is the key factor behind the creation of structured light. In addition, we also demonstrate transfer of orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the control beam to the generated beam through the FWM process and study the effect of phase mismatch on efficiency of the OAM transfer.
We study the non-linear optical response in multiple quantum wells structure with a double-cascade type four-level configuration based on excitons and biexcitons transitions. By analysing the Kerr non-linear effects, we obtain the slow, mutually matched group velocities and giant Kerr non-linearity of probe and signal fields. While when the signal (or probe) field is removed, the non-linear optical phenomenon four-wave mixing (FWM) originating from quantum interference is demonstrated. The FWM efficiency of the system study is about 50%. Such a semiconductor system is much more practical than its atomic counterpart because of its flexible design and the controllable interference strength.
The theory of four-wave mixing (FWM) in the quantum dot (QD) semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) is discussed by combining the QD rate equations system, the quantum-mechanical density-matrix theory, and the pulse propagation in QD SOAs including the three region of QD structure ground state (GS), excited state (ES), and wetting layer. Also, relations for differential gain, gain integral, and nonlinear susceptibility of both pump, probe, and signal pulses were discussed. Gain and differential gain have been calculated for QD structure. FWM efficiency and its components [spectral hole burning (SHB), carrier heating, and carrier density pulsation] are calculated. It is found that inclusion of ES in the formulas and in the calculations is essential since it works as a carrier reservoir for GS. It is found that QD SOA with enough capture time from ES to GS will reduce the SHB component, and so it is suitable for telecommunication applications that require symmetric conversion and independent detuning.
In this paper, we investigated the transient electron population and the transient behaviour of the dispersion, absorption and refractive property of weak probe light in a four-level InGaN/GaN quantum dot nanostructure.In order to achieve the wave functions and their corresponding energy levels of the mentioned quantum dot nanostructure, the Schrödinger and Poisson equations is solved selfconsistently for carriers (here electron) in quantum dot.Our findings show that the properties of transient processes can be dramatically affected by parameters such as intensity, detuning and relative phase of applied fields.Our proposed scheme provides a realistic model for transient control of refraction index properties in a quantum dot nanostructure.These results may have potential applications in high speed optical switch for quantum information technologies.