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physica status solidi (b)

Photon Echo in CaWO4:Nd3+ and LiAl5O8: Cr3+

В. В. Самарцев, Ramil G. Usmanov, I. Kh. Khadiev, E. F. Kustov, M. N. Baranov

Published Jul 1, 1976• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The conditions and peculiarities of the photon echo forming in monocrystals of LiAl5O8:Cr3+ and CaWO4: Nd3+ are experimentally investigated. The photon echo phenomenon for LiAl5O8:Cr3+ crystals is firstly discovered. A value for the transversal nonreversible relaxation time T2 of about 37 ns is found from the experimental dependence of the echo intensity on the time between the pulses. The dependence of the photon echo intensity on a stationary magnetic field is also investigated. When observing the photon echo in CaWO4:Nd3+, the resonance conditions are achieved with the help of a dye laser. A theory of the optical coherent response is developed for both the cases of Δt > T and of Δt < T (Δt pulse duration, T time of the transverse reversible relaxation). Satisfactory agreement of the experimental and theoretical results is found.

DOI
10.1002/pssb.2220760105

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Journal of Physics Conference Series•Oct 1, 2020•0 citations
Abstract The conditions and peculiarities of the photon echo forming in monocrystals of LiAl5O8:Cr3+ and CaWO4: Nd3+ are experimentally investigated. The photon echo phenomenon for LiAl5O8:Cr3+ crystals is firstly discovered. A value for the transversal nonreversible relaxation time T2 of about 37 ns is found from the experimental dependence of the echo intensity on the time between the pulses. The dependence of the photon echo intensity on a stationary magnetic field is also investigated. When observing the photon echo in CaWO4:Nd3+, the resonance conditions are achieved with the help of a dye laser. A theory of the optical coherent response is developed for both the cases of Δt > T and of Δt < T (Δt pulse duration, T time of the transverse reversible relaxation). Satisfactory agreement of the experimental and theoretical results is found.
We report the first observation and study of the photon echo in Er3+:LuLiF4. The energy transition is 4 I 15/2 → 4 F 9/2 (λ = 6536 Å). The density of ErF3 is 0.025 wt %. The operation temperature is 1.9 K. Measurements were made at low (up to 1200 Oe) and even zero external magnetic fields. We studied the behavior of the photon echo intensity vs. the magnetic field magnitude and direction about the crystal axis C and vs. the laser pulse separation t 12 and observed an exponential growth and then, after a certain plateau, an exponential decrease in the photon echo intensity as a function of magnetic field upon increasing the magnetic field from zero. The parameters describing the exponential growth and decrease are independent of the direction of magnetic field. The value of the magnetic field (∼20–200 Oe) at which the echo intensity is maximal and the value of the maximum itself decrease with increasing pulse separation t 12 and the angle Θ between the magnetic field and crystal axis. The echo intensity decreases exponentially with increasing Θ. The parameter describing the exponential decrease is independent of the magnitude of the field. The echo intensity as a function of pulse separation shows exponential decay. The phase relaxation time depends on the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field. T 2 is equal to 202 ± 16 ns at zero magnetic field. A phenomenological formula is suggested, which qualitatively presents the mentioned dependences, and the polarization properties of the backward photon echo in this crystal are studied. Because the ion of trivalent erbium is an optimum data carrier, the above results show that fine control of the multichannel transfer of processed optical information may be achieved by weak magnetic fields.
It is reported about the first observation and studying of the photon echo in LuLiF4:Er3+. The energy transition is 4I15/2→4F9/2 (λ=6536 Å). The density of ErF3 is 0.025 wt%. The operation temperature is 1.9 K. Measurements were spent at low (up to 1200 Oe) and even zero external magnetic fields. It was studied a behavior of the photon echo intensity versus the magnetic field magnitude and direction about the crystal axis C and versus the laser pulse separation t 12. It was observed an exponential growth and then, after some plateau, an exponential decreasing of the photon echo intensity as a function of magnetic field with increasing of the magnetic field from zero value. The parameters describing the exponential growth and decreasing are not depended on direction of magnetic field. Value of a magnetic field at which the echo intensity accepts the maximum, and quantity of this maximum decrease with increased the pulse separation t 12 and the angle θ between the magnetic field and crystal axis. The echo intensity exponentially decreases with increased θ. The parameter describing the exponential decreasing is not depended on the magnitude of the field. The echo intensity as a function of pulse separation shows exponential decay. The phase relaxation time is depended on the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field. T 2 is equal to 202±16 ns at zero magnetic field. Phenomenological formula is suggested, which qualitatively presents the mentioned dependencies. Polarization properties of the backward photon echo in this crystal are studied also.
We apply for the first time a novel coherent transient, the cw photon echo. The propagation direction of the optical coherence prepared in a medium by a broadband cw laser beam is reversed by a pair of counterpropagating laser pulses, resulting in a continuous emission of the signal. The signal decays with a phase relaxation time T2{\mathrm{T}}_{2}T2​ and can have a quantum-beat-type modulation, giving the same wave form in one single shot as the plot of echo intensity versus pulse separation in a standard two-pulse echo experiment. Experimental demonstration is given in a Eu3+{\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}Eu3+:YAlO3{\mathrm{YAlO}}_{3}YAlO3​ crystal.
The possibilities of the reverse photon echo for obtaining information about the relaxation times and the electrical dipole momentum of the resonant transition are investigated experimentally in ruby (resonant transition 4A2–2E(Ē)). A new method based on the many-pulse excitation of the resonant system by a single travelling wave and by a sequence of standing waves, is proposed. As a result, this system irradiates a series of reverse echo signals, from the decay of their intensities it is possible to define the relaxation times in a single series. These relaxation times are measured at different values of the permanent magnetic field. The different apparatus solutions of these experimental problems are discussed.