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Physica Scripta

Phase distributions of real field states

R. Tanaś, Adam Miranowicz, Ts. Gantsog

Published Jan 1, 1993• 30 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The phase distribution obtained within the Pegg–Barnett Hermitian phase formalism is compared to the phase distributions obtained from the s -parametrized quasiprobability distributions integrated over the "radial" variable for some real states of the field. Exact analytical formulas for the s -parametrized phase distributions of coherent states, squeezed states, and displaced number states are obtained. A general formula relating the s -parametrized phase distributions to the Pegg–Barnett distribution is derived. Numerical examples illustrating the similarities and differences are presented in a graphical form.

DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/1993/t48/008

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The phase distribution obtained within the Pegg–Barnett Hermitian phase formalism is compared to the phase distributions obtained from the s -parametrized quasiprobability distributions integrated over the "radial" variable for some real states of the field. Exact analytical formulas for the s -parametrized phase distributions of coherent states, squeezed states, and displaced number states are obtained. A general formula relating the s -parametrized phase distributions to the Pegg–Barnett distribution is derived. Numerical examples illustrating the similarities and differences are presented in a graphical form.
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Phase properties of the displaced number states are studied. Exact analytical formulae describing phase distributions based on different phase approaches are obtained and illustrated graphically. It is shown that the Pegg-Barnett phase distribution P( theta ) and the phase distribution P w ( theta ) associated with the Wigner function are very close to each other, while the phase distribution P Q ( theta ) associated with the Q function carries less phase information. The results have clear interpretation in terms of the area of overlap in phase space.
Various quasiprobability distributions have been developed in the past using the Hilbert space of the single-mode light field. The development of a quasiprobability distribution associated with a phase operator has previously been impossible because of the absence of a unique Hermitian phase operator defined on the Hilbert space. Recently, however, Pegg and Barnett [Europhys. Lett. 6, 483 (1988); Phys. Rev. A 39, 1665 (1989)] and Barnett and Pegg [J. Mod. Optics 36, 7 (1989)] introduced a new formalism that does allow the construction of a Hermitian phase operator and associated phase eigenstates. In this paper we develop a quasiprobability distribution associated with the number and phase operators of the single-mode light field in the new formalism. The new distribution, which we call the number-phase Wigner function, has properties analogous to the Wigner function. We also derive the number-phase Wigner representation of number states, phase states, general physical states, coherent states, and the squeezed vacuum. We find this new representation has features that are related to the number and phase properties of states. For example, the number-phase Wigner representation of a number state is nonzero only on a circle, while the representation of a phase state is only nonzero along a radial line.
We review some quantum-phase descriptions of optical fields. We focus on real fields that can be generated in practice in various nonlinear optical processes. Thus, we rather avoid discussions of phase formalisms as such and try to exploit their practical applicability in the description of optical fields. In the description of the phase properties we use two different, though related formalisms: the Pegg-Barnett Hermitian phase formalism and the formalism based on sss-parametrized phase distributions.