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Quantum Optics Journal of the European Optical Society Part B

Phase distributions of squeezed number states and squeezed thermal states

Alexei Vladimirovich Chizhov, Ts. Gantsog, B. K. Murzakhmetov

Published Apr 1, 1993• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Phase properties of squeezed number states and squeezed thermal states are studied. Exact analytical formulae for phase distributions based on different phase approaches are derived and illustrated graphically. It is shown that the phase quasiprobability distribution P (W) ( theta ) associated with the Wigner function does not depend on the photon number of the initial number state and has the same form for both kinds of squeezed states under consideration while the Pegg-Barnett phase distribution and the phase quasiprobability distributions associated with the Q function and the Glauber-Sudarshan P function, approach P (W) ( theta ) in the limit of highly excited states.

DOI
10.1088/0954-8998/5/2/004

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Phase properties of squeezed number states and squeezed thermal states are studied. Exact analytical formulae for phase distributions based on different phase approaches are derived and illustrated graphically. It is shown that the phase quasiprobability distribution P (W) ( theta ) associated with the Wigner function does not depend on the photon number of the initial number state and has the same form for both kinds of squeezed states under consideration while the Pegg-Barnett phase distribution and the phase quasiprobability distributions associated with the Q function and the Glauber-Sudarshan P function, approach P (W) ( theta ) in the limit of highly excited states.
Photon statistics and phase properties of two-mode squeezed number states are studied. It is shown that photon number distribution and Pegg-Barnett phase distribution for such states have similar (N + 1)-peak structure for nonzero value of the difference in the number of photons between modes. Exact analytical formulas for phase distributions based on different phase approaches are derived. The Pegg-Barnett phase distribution and the phase quasiprobability distribution associated with the Wigner function are close to each other, while the phase quasiprobability distribution associated with the Q function carries less phase information.
Much attention has been given in the past to two classes of squeezed states: the squeezed vacuum and coherent states. Here we study the effects of squeezing on number states and on thermal field states. The statistical properties of these various squeezed states are discussed using the second-order correlation functions. The quasiprobabilities of the Wigner, Q, and positive P representations are calculated and compared for the squeezed states. The Glauber P representation for the squeezed thermal state explicitly shows the limit of its applicability. The photon number distributions of the squeezed number and squeezed thermal states are extensively discussed and new interference effects in phase space are shown to lead to highly structured number distributions.
Phase properties of the displaced number states are studied. Exact analytical formulae describing phase distributions based on different phase approaches are obtained and illustrated graphically. It is shown that the Pegg-Barnett phase distribution P( theta ) and the phase distribution P w ( theta ) associated with the Wigner function are very close to each other, while the phase distribution P Q ( theta ) associated with the Q function carries less phase information. The results have clear interpretation in terms of the area of overlap in phase space.
Various quasiprobability distributions have been developed in the past using the Hilbert space of the single-mode light field. The development of a quasiprobability distribution associated with a phase operator has previously been impossible because of the absence of a unique Hermitian phase operator defined on the Hilbert space. Recently, however, Pegg and Barnett [Europhys. Lett. 6, 483 (1988); Phys. Rev. A 39, 1665 (1989)] and Barnett and Pegg [J. Mod. Optics 36, 7 (1989)] introduced a new formalism that does allow the construction of a Hermitian phase operator and associated phase eigenstates. In this paper we develop a quasiprobability distribution associated with the number and phase operators of the single-mode light field in the new formalism. The new distribution, which we call the number-phase Wigner function, has properties analogous to the Wigner function. We also derive the number-phase Wigner representation of number states, phase states, general physical states, coherent states, and the squeezed vacuum. We find this new representation has features that are related to the number and phase properties of states. For example, the number-phase Wigner representation of a number state is nonzero only on a circle, while the representation of a phase state is only nonzero along a radial line.
The quantum phase properties of the generalized squeezed vacuum states associated with solvable quantum systems are studied by using the Pegg—Barnett formalism. Then, two nonclassical features, i.e., squeezing in the number and phase operators, as well as the number—phase Wigner function of the generalized squeezed states are investigated. Due to some actual physical situations, the present approach is applied to two classes of generalized squeezed states: solvable quantum systems with discrete spectra and nonlinear squeezed states with particular nonlinear functions. Finally, the time evolution of the nonclassical properties of the considered systems has been numerically investigated.