We consider the effect of large normal or anomalous dispersion on the information velocity. We also experimentally study how pulse shapes are distorted as the pulse bandwidth becomes comparable to the region of steep dispersion
Anomalous dispersion is at the heart of superluminal pulse propagation in dispersive media. Most earlier analyses of these effects have been confined to discussions of pulse shapes or group velocity and group-velocity dispersion, while experiments typically measure the absorbed energy. We investigate the transport of energy in causal dispersive media including superluminal effects, via the time moments of the Poynting vector. We find that superluminal and negative traversal times are invariably accompanied by an initial temporal compression of the pulse. We predict a crossover distance at which superluminal behavior becomes subluminal even when the spectral width of the initial pulse lies well within the anomalous dispersion region. This effect is generic and we offer a theoretical basis for the experimental results of Talukder et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3546 (2001)]. As the pulse propagates, a strong spectral modification due to dissipation (gain) results in the dominance of normally dispersive spectral components that suffer from lower dissipation (higher gain) and is responsible for this crossover.
We show in theory that SBS slow- and fast-light can propagate in a cascaded system without group-velocity-dispersion (GVD) broadening and low gain broadening by use of dispersion compensation. The two GVD parameters in the normal and anomalous dispersion regions can be modulated to counteract so that we can get a zero-GVD-broadening pulse by using two broadband pumps with different powers and spectral widths. Using the method of dispersion compensation, the third-order dispersion (TOD) effect can also be canceled out simultaneously. Besides, the pulse compression occurs in the anomalous dispersion region, which contributes a low gain-broadening pulse. Therefore, this method could have the potential for different pump beam spectra.
We investigate the behavior of a system for generating ``fast-light'' pulses in which a bichromatic Raman pumping beam is used to generate optical gain at two frequencies and a region of anomalous dispersion between them. It is expected that increasing the gain will increase the pulse advancement. However, as the gain increases, the pumping field becomes increasingly distorted, effectively limiting the pulse advancement. We observe as much as 12% of the input pump power converted to orthogonal polarization, broadening of the initially bichromatic pump field (25 MHz initial frequency separation) to more than 2.5 GHz, and a temporal collapse of the pump beam into an erratic train of sub-500-ps pulses. The instability is attributed to the combined effects of the cross modulation instability and stimulated Raman scattering. Extreme distortion of an injected pulse that should (absent the instability) experience an advancement of 21% of its width is observed. We conclude that the fast-light pulse advancement is limited to just a few percent of the pulse width using this pulse advancement technique. The limitation imposed by the instability is important because careful study of the information velocity in fast-light pulses requires that pulse advancement be large enough to distinguish the velocities of different pulse features. Possible methods for achieving pulse advancement by avoiding the distortion caused by the instability are discussed.