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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Calculation and Measurement of Absolute Transmission in Rubidium

Seo Ro Shin, Heung‐Ryoul Noh

Published Aug 10, 2009• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present an experimental and theoretical study of the transmission of a π (or σ + ) polarized laser beam for a Doppler broadened rubidium vapor cell. The transmission of the laser beam for the D 2 transition line of 85 Rb atoms was measured as a function of the laser frequency for various laser intensities. The observed spectra were compared with calculation, taking into account both the Gaussian beam profile and the fact that atoms were measured while crossing the laser beam. We found excellent agreement between the experimental and calculated results. We also investigated different operating mechanisms of variation of transmission for each transition line.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.78.084302

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Chinese Optics Letters•Jan 1, 2003•0 citations
We present an experimental and theoretical study of the transmission of a π (or σ + ) polarized laser beam for a Doppler broadened rubidium vapor cell. The transmission of the laser beam for the D 2 transition line of 85 Rb atoms was measured as a function of the laser frequency for various laser intensities. The observed spectra were compared with calculation, taking into account both the Gaussian beam profile and the fact that atoms were measured while crossing the laser beam. We found excellent agreement between the experimental and calculated results. We also investigated different operating mechanisms of variation of transmission for each transition line.
Abstract. We study the Doppler-broadened absorption of a weak monochromatic probe beam in a thermal rubidium vapour cell on the D lines. A detailed model of the susceptibility is developed which takes into account the absolute linestrengths of the allowed electric dipole transitions and the motion of the atoms parallel to the probe beam. All transitions from both hyperfine levels of the ground term of both isotopes are incorporated. The absorption and refractive index as a function of frequency are expressed in terms of the complementary error function. The absolute absorption profiles are compared with experiment, and are found to be in excellent agreement provided a sufficiently weak probe beam with an intensity under one thousandth of the saturation intensity is used. The importance of hyperfine pumping for open transitions is discussed in the context of achieving the weak-probe limit. Theory and experiment show excellent agreement, with an rms error better than 0.2 % for the D2 line at 16.5 ◦ C. PACS numbers: 32.70.-n, 32.70.Fw, 42.62.FiAbsolute Rb absorption 2 1.
We study the Doppler-broadened absorption of a weak monochromatic probe beam in a thermal rubidium vapour cell on the D lines. A detailed model of the susceptibility is developed which takes into account the absolute linestrengths of the allowed electric dipole transitions and the motion of the atoms parallel to the probe beam. All transitions from both hyperfine levels of the ground term of both isotopes are incorporated. The absorption and refractive index as a function of frequency are expressed in terms of the complementary error function. The absolute absorption profiles are compared with experiment, and are found to be in excellent agreement provided a sufficiently weak probe beam with an intensity under one thousandth of the saturation intensity is used. The importance of hyperfine pumping for open transitions is discussed in the context of achieving the weak-probe limit. Theory and experiment show excellent agreement, with an rms error better than 0.2% for the D2 line at 16.5 degrees C.
In this paper the saturation spectra of rubidium vapour at room temperature, obtained with overlapped co-propagating laser beams, were examined. Unlike the standard saturation spectroscopy, here the transmission of the pump laser beam was detected. The pump laser was locked to an atomic transition of the D2 line, while the probe laser frequency was scanned in a wide frequency range. The pump and probe beams had approximately the same intensities; thus the probe laser can saturate transitions and contribute to optical pumping. This, together with Doppler broadening, leads to rich pump transmission spectra, with many lines appearing due to the interaction of lasers with atoms in different velocity groups. The advantages of this method are well-resolved structures and appearance of spectral lines on a flat, Doppler-free background. Agreement between experimental and theoretical results shows the usefulness of this simple model, based on the rate equations, for identification of lines and determination of relative contribution to the observed line intensity from atoms with different velocities. Theoretical spectra are a useful tool for the calibration of experimental spectra obtained by a nonlinear dependence of the laser frequency on the voltage applied to the piezo used for the laser diode frequency scanning.
Zeeman splitting in the D 2 line of rubidium atoms ( 87 Rb and 85 Rb) has been studied using 'Doppler broadened' as well as 'saturation absorption spectroscopy'. While a linearly polarized beam was used for the former experiment, in the latter case a (π, σ ± ) polarization configuration was employed for both pump and probe beams. Zeeman lines have been observed by applying a field up to 5 mT. The field variation of relative line intensities in Doppler-broadened spectrum was determined following Tremblay et al and Nakayama's four-level model. For the saturation spectrum, a four-level model was used. Because the enhancement of absorption at the field is as low as 1 mT, the F g = 2 to F e = 3 transition for 87 Rb can be used as the reference for laser locking. Level crossing is observed in 85 Rb at fields less than 5 mT.
We present a comprehensive theoretical and experimental study of the lineshape in sub-Doppler dichroic atomic vapor laser lock (DAVLL) spectroscopy of the D1 transition lines of 87 Rb and 85 Rb atoms. By calculating sub-Doppler DAVLL spectra with both density matrix equations and rate equations, we found that the coherence effect is significantly dependent on the branching ratios of the transition lines. In addition, we investigated the dependence of the amplitude and slope of the spectra on the applied magnetic field and pump beam power, and found good agreement with the results calculated from the rate equations.