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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Transmission of tunable diode laser emission, through rubidium vapor, as a function of laser intensity

Ignacio E. Olivares

Published Mar 13, 2013• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study laser intensity absorption, at the wavelength of 780 nm, in neutral rubidium vapor using a tunable external cavity diode laser close to the Rb85D2 line. The dependence of laser transmission, as a function of laser intensity, was calculated using the optical Bloch equations and compared with the experiment. The calculations were extended to the saturated absorption case and compared to saturated absorption spectra. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment is observed.

DOI
10.1364/josab.30.000945

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We study laser intensity absorption, at the wavelength of 780 nm, in neutral rubidium vapor using a tunable external cavity diode laser close to the Rb85D2 line. The dependence of laser transmission, as a function of laser intensity, was calculated using the optical Bloch equations and compared with the experiment. The calculations were extended to the saturated absorption case and compared to saturated absorption spectra. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment is observed.
We present an experimental and theoretical study of the transmission of a π (or σ + ) polarized laser beam for a Doppler broadened rubidium vapor cell. The transmission of the laser beam for the D 2 transition line of 85 Rb atoms was measured as a function of the laser frequency for various laser intensities. The observed spectra were compared with calculation, taking into account both the Gaussian beam profile and the fact that atoms were measured while crossing the laser beam. We found excellent agreement between the experimental and calculated results. We also investigated different operating mechanisms of variation of transmission for each transition line.
We have constructed a simplified setup for the demonstration of laser cooling and trapping of rubidium atoms. An external-cavity diode laser was swept across the F = 3 → F' = 2, 3, 4 resonances of the D 2 -line of 85 Rb at 780 nm to resolve the saturated absorption features. Subsequently, the transition F = 3 → F' = 4 was used to cool rubidium atoms in a roomtemperature vapor cell. A cold cloud of trapped atoms with a diameter of approximately 1 mm was produced. The lifetime of the trap was measured to be 1 second.
Laser spectroscopy experiments are reported on rubidium atoms by using two or three external cavity diode lasers to study multiple resonance transitions in Λ- and V-type systems as well as on (Λ+V)-type system. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) peaks having sub-natural line-widths are found on the Doppler broadened transmission backgrounds with velocity selective enhanced absorption dips. In the presence of a pump laser, probe spectrum shows enhancement of EIT signal by tuning the control laser frequency when the Λ- and V-type EIT signals are made to overlap. Theoretical analysis is carried out by solving the optical Bloch equations for five-level atomic model under Λ configuration. With the numerically simulated spectra, variation of EIT transmission peak with ground state decay rate and excited state spontaneous decay rate are investigated. Effect of pump Rabi frequency on the transmission peak is also shown.
In the presented study a diode laser was characterised and used for spec- troscopy, measuring the resonance lines of atomic rubidium. The characteristics of diode lasers and external cavity diode lasers (ECDL) for the purposes of ab- sorption spectroscopy were investigated and an experimental setup for tunable diode laser spectroscopy using an ECDL was developed. In external cavity diode lasers, the advantages of low cost, small size and e ciency of a diode laser is combined with tunability and a narrow frequency bandwidth. The ECDL was applied in experimental setups for absorption spectroscopy and saturated ab- sorption spectroscopy. Measurement of the absorption of atomic rubidium's D2 line near 780 nm is discussed. The Doppler broadened, as well as the Doppler free spectrum of the ne and hyper ne structure of the D2 line were measured and is discussed. Finer control of the ECDL's stability and frequency, using a servo circuit, were investigated and tested. An overview is given of laser cool- ing and trapping of neutral rubidium atoms, which is the main application the ECDL were developed for.