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Journal of Modern Optics

Quantum teleportation with number states and beam splitters

Rubens Viana Ramos

Published Jan 26, 2004• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum communication is a new and fascinating area in telecommunications that provides new ways of communication without classical counterparts. At the centre of this theory is quantum entanglement, a powerful and enigmatic property shown by some composite quantum systems. In this paper, the entanglement produced by sending of number states through a beam splitter is studied. The property entangled is the parity of the number of photons of the number states at the beam splitter's outputs. The decoherence is taken into account through the losses. The entanglement of pure and mixed states at the output of the beam splitter is calculated and some protocols for quantum teleportation for bipartite (C2 ⊗ C2) and tripartite (C2 ⊗ C2 ⊗ C2), systems are described.

DOI
10.1080/09500340310001620466

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Quantum communication is a new and fascinating area in telecommunications that provides new ways of communication without classical counterparts. At the centre of this theory is quantum entanglement, a powerful and enigmatic property shown by some composite quantum systems. In this paper, the entanglement produced by sending of number states through a beam splitter is studied. The property entangled is the parity of the number of photons of the number states at the beam splitter's outputs. The decoherence is taken into account through the losses. The entanglement of pure and mixed states at the output of the beam splitter is calculated and some protocols for quantum teleportation for bipartite (C2 ⊗ C2) and tripartite (C2 ⊗ C2 ⊗ C2), systems are described.
The present work proposes a scheme to teleport a tripartite coherent state using an unparalleled four-component state as a quantum channel. The scheme involves linear optical devices like beam splitters and phase shifters. It is shown that, even by taking an uncompromising quantum model, almost a complete teleportation can be achieved with an impressive number of photons. It is also shown that the teleportation fails only if zero photons are found in all the three output modes or zero in two output modes and a nonzero even/odd photon in one mode. However, the probability of getting these output modes is almost negligible.
This paper proposes a feasible scheme for the quantum teleportation of tripartite entangled coherent states by using linear optical devices such as beam splitters, phase shifters and photo detectors. The scheme is based on the bipartite maximally entangled coherent state and the tripartite entangled coherent state with bipartite maximal entanglement as quantum channels. It shows that when the mean number of photons is equal to 2, the total minimum of the average fidelity for an arbitrary tripartite entangled state is 1 – 0.67 × 10 −3 .
Preparation of entangled states of photons are useful for quantum computing and communication. In this paper, we present a simplistic protocol of entanglement generation using beam splitters with suitable reflectivity. The photons in an initial state with fully classical probability distribution pass through an optical network, made up of sequential beam splitters and are prepared in maximally entangled states. We also present the detailed theoretical analysis of entangled state generation, for an arbitrary number of photons, fed through the input ports of the beam splitters with equal probability.