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Quantum Electronics

Relaxation of the 6p2P03/2metastable state in a self-terminating thallium laser

Petr A. Bokhan, Д Э Закревский, V A Kim

Published Dec 31, 2008• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We present the results of an experimental study of a Tl vapour/Ar mixture as an active medium. Under optical excitation of thallium to the 6d 2 D 3/2 state, we have achieved lasing at λ = 1.3 μm (7p 2 P 0 1/2 — 7s 2 S 1/2 transition) and 535 nm (7s 2 S 1/2 — 6p 2 P 0 3/2 ) through cascade transitions from the 6d 2 D 3/2 state to the upper laser levels. The electron deexcitation rate of the 6p 2 P 0 3/2 metastable state is no slower than 1.5×10 -8 cm 3 s -1 , meaning that this process cannot prevent self-terminating laser action at the 7s 2 S 1/2 — 6p 2 P 0 3/2 transition under electron-beam pumping at pulse repetition rates up to 100 kHz.

DOI
10.1070/qe2008v038n12abeh013795

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The Journal of Chemical Physics•Mar 3, 2017•1 citation
We present the results of an experimental study of a Tl vapour/Ar mixture as an active medium. Under optical excitation of thallium to the 6d 2 D 3/2 state, we have achieved lasing at λ = 1.3 μm (7p 2 P 0 1/2 — 7s 2 S 1/2 transition) and 535 nm (7s 2 S 1/2 — 6p 2 P 0 3/2 ) through cascade transitions from the 6d 2 D 3/2 state to the upper laser levels. The electron deexcitation rate of the 6p 2 P 0 3/2 metastable state is no slower than 1.5×10 -8 cm 3 s -1 , meaning that this process cannot prevent self-terminating laser action at the 7s 2 S 1/2 — 6p 2 P 0 3/2 transition under electron-beam pumping at pulse repetition rates up to 100 kHz.
The results are reported of investigations into the spectral and energy characteristics of a thallium photodissociation laser, emitting due to the 7S/sub 1/2/--6P/sub 3/2/ (lambda = 535 nm) and 7S/sub 1/2/--6P/sub 1/2/ (lambda = 337.6 nm) transitions. The experiments were performed using two types of resonator, and this made it possible to increase the radiation power density above the superradiance level and to operate in two-wavelength lasing regimes. On reaching a certain power density the structure of the laser emission spectrum changed, the nature of this change being different for the different lines. A discussion of the results obtained is given.
Stimulated emission of the 535 nm line of thallium was observed when a Tl-He mixture was pumped optically in the violet wing of a pressure-broadened resonance line of thallium at 377.6 nm by a recombination He–Ca laser emitting at λ = 373.7 nm. Pumping resulted from the absorption transitions between repulsive terms of the Tl-He quasimolecule. The average stimulated radiation power reached 5 mW when the pulse repetition frequency was 6 kHz. The efficiency of conversion of the useful part of the pump pulse was 45%.
Pulsed lasing from optically pumped rare gas metastable atoms (Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) has been demonstrated previously. The laser relies on a three-level scheme, which involves the (n+1)p[5/2](3) and (n+1)p[1/2](1) states from the np(5)(n+1)p electronic configuration and the metastable (n+1)s[3/2](2) level of the np(5)(n+1)s configuration (Racah notation). Population inversions were achieved using relaxation from ((n+1)p[5/2](3) to (n+1)p[1/2](1) induced by collisions with helium or argon at pressures near 1 atm. Pulsed lasing was easily achieved using the high instantaneous pump intensities provided by a pulsed optical parametric oscillator excitation laser. In the present study we examine the potential for the development of a continuous wave (CW) optically pumped Ar laser. We report lasing of the 4p[1/2](1)→4s[3/2](2) (912.547 nm) transition following CW diode laser excitation of the 4p[5/2](3)←4s[3/2](2) line (811.754 nm). A pulsed discharge was used to generate Ar 4s[3/2](2), and the time-resolved lasing kinetics provide insights concerning the radiative and collisional relaxation processes.
Results of experiments investigating the influence of resonance radiation trapping on the power and efficiency of the atomic thallium photodissociation laser are reported. Transverse pumping of a thallium iodide cell with added free metallic thallium has enabled conversion efficiencies from the ArF laser pump beam of greater than 7% to be achieved on a single Tl laser transition at λ 535.0 nm. Collisional deexcitation of the 72S1/2 upper laser level imposes a limit on the TlI densities which can be employed.
Decay rates of the 6 2P3/2 metastable and 6 2P1/2 ground state atomic thallium densities produced in UV photodissociation (at λ193, 222, 249, 308, and 353 nm) of TlI, TlBr, and TlCl molecular vapors have been measured for vapor densities from 1013 to 1017 cm−3. Dominant relaxation processes have been identified as (i) for the metastable state, collisional deexcitation by thallium halide molecules at high halide densities (≥1015 cm−3) and by free halogens and trace impurities at lower halide densities and (ii) for the ground state, diffusion in the ambient (argon/thallium halide) gas at high halide densities and volume reassociation under certain conditions at low halide densities. Cross sections and diffusion coefficients are evaluated.
Stimulated emission (SE) induced by pulsed two-photon excitation of the 6p′[1/2]0, 6p′[3/2]2, 7p[1/2]0, 7p[3/2]2, and 7p[5/2]2 states of the Xe atom has been studied. Spectra of SE were recorded in the 800–3500 nm region, which covers the 6p′, 7p → 7s (2500–3500 nm), 6p′, 7p → 5d (1000–2000 nm), 7s → 6p (1200–1900 nm) transitions, as well as the near-IR 6p → 6s (800–1000 nm) transitions. It is shown that excitation of the 7p states results in radiative cascade via the 7s states, 7p → 7s → 6p, although at least one case of cascading via the 5d states is also observed. Spectra of SE induced by excitation of the 6p′ states are dominated by the 6p′ → 6s′ transitions in the near IR and the 6p′ → 5d[1/2]1 → 6p[1/2]1 → 6s[3/2]1 cascade; the 6p′ → 7s → 6p cascade is also observed, although the secondary 7s → 6p emission is rather weak in comparison with excitation of the 7p states.