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Journal of Applied Physics

Efficient operation of an atomic thallium photodissociation laser at 535.0 nm

D. A. Scott, James A. Piper

Published Sep 1, 1981• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Results of experiments investigating the influence of resonance radiation trapping on the power and efficiency of the atomic thallium photodissociation laser are reported. Transverse pumping of a thallium iodide cell with added free metallic thallium has enabled conversion efficiencies from the ArF laser pump beam of greater than 7% to be achieved on a single Tl laser transition at λ 535.0 nm. Collisional deexcitation of the 72S1/2 upper laser level imposes a limit on the TlI densities which can be employed.

DOI
10.1063/1.329521

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Quantum Electronics•Dec 31, 2008•1 citation
Results of experiments investigating the influence of resonance radiation trapping on the power and efficiency of the atomic thallium photodissociation laser are reported. Transverse pumping of a thallium iodide cell with added free metallic thallium has enabled conversion efficiencies from the ArF laser pump beam of greater than 7% to be achieved on a single Tl laser transition at λ 535.0 nm. Collisional deexcitation of the 72S1/2 upper laser level imposes a limit on the TlI densities which can be employed.
The results are reported of investigations into the spectral and energy characteristics of a thallium photodissociation laser, emitting due to the 7S/sub 1/2/--6P/sub 3/2/ (lambda = 535 nm) and 7S/sub 1/2/--6P/sub 1/2/ (lambda = 337.6 nm) transitions. The experiments were performed using two types of resonator, and this made it possible to increase the radiation power density above the superradiance level and to operate in two-wavelength lasing regimes. On reaching a certain power density the structure of the laser emission spectrum changed, the nature of this change being different for the different lines. A discussion of the results obtained is given.
Stimulated emission of the 535 nm line of thallium was observed when a Tl-He mixture was pumped optically in the violet wing of a pressure-broadened resonance line of thallium at 377.6 nm by a recombination He–Ca laser emitting at λ = 373.7 nm. Pumping resulted from the absorption transitions between repulsive terms of the Tl-He quasimolecule. The average stimulated radiation power reached 5 mW when the pulse repetition frequency was 6 kHz. The efficiency of conversion of the useful part of the pump pulse was 45%.
Photodissociation of TlBr and CsBr by the 1850-Å mercury resonance line could lead to laser transitions at 5350 Å and 2.93 μ in Tl and Cs, respectively. The transition probabilities of Cs are such that radiative decay will maintain a population inversion between the 72P3/2 and 72S½ levels. Calculations indicate that a gain of 4% per m is expected at a temperature of 890° for photodissociation into the 72P3/2, ½ Cs levels. In Tl, however, the 62P3/2 level is metastable. A suitable quenching gas must be found before oscillation is possible at 5350 Å from photodissociation into the 72S½ level. Nitrogen and CO2 have been tried thus far without success.
The cross sections for production of 62P1/2 and 62P3/2 ground and metastable atomic thallium states via UV dissociation of the thallium halides TlCl, TlBr, and TlI have been measured at wavelengths 193, 222, 249, 308, and 353 nm using time-resolved atomic resonance absorption spectroscopy. The measured cross sections, which were independent of halide densities up to densities ∼1017 cm−3, were found to represent only 10% to 36% of the total UV absorption cross section at the appropriate wavelength.
We present the results of an experimental study of a Tl vapour/Ar mixture as an active medium. Under optical excitation of thallium to the 6d 2 D 3/2 state, we have achieved lasing at λ = 1.3 μm (7p 2 P 0 1/2 — 7s 2 S 1/2 transition) and 535 nm (7s 2 S 1/2 — 6p 2 P 0 3/2 ) through cascade transitions from the 6d 2 D 3/2 state to the upper laser levels. The electron deexcitation rate of the 6p 2 P 0 3/2 metastable state is no slower than 1.5×10 -8 cm 3 s -1 , meaning that this process cannot prevent self-terminating laser action at the 7s 2 S 1/2 — 6p 2 P 0 3/2 transition under electron-beam pumping at pulse repetition rates up to 100 kHz.