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Frontiers in Optics

Optical Vortices and Information Transfer

Michael A. Fiddy, Greg Gbur, Umer Shahid

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the role of optical vortices in conveying wavefront information and show that these vortices can be manipulated without information loss but their relation to information content in 2-and higher dimensions is complicated.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2005.jtuc21

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Abstract We explore the concept that the Raman process can be used as an effective way for transfer of optical vortices. In a four-level atomic system, two strong fields are applied to form a Λ-type subsystem while two probe fields couple to the other cascade transitions. It is found that the optical vortex of a control field can be transferred to a generated probe beam based on four-wave mixing processes, wherein the one-photon detuning plays an important role in minimizing the losses. On the other hand, when the control fields have no vortices, the transfer is realized between two probe beams for intermediate values of atomic coherence induced by the Raman process, vanishing both for the minimal value 0 and for the maximal values ±0.5. We have also analyzed the spatial structures of the propagating probe beams with optical vortices at the entrance, displaying that the information of winding numbers is hidden behind the intensity distributions and corresponding phase patterns. This may find potential applications in quantum information storage.
We propose a scheme to exchange optical vortices of slow light using the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level double-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ atom-light coupling scheme illuminated by a pair of probe fields as well as two control fields of larger intensity. We study the light-matter interaction under the situation where one control field carries an optical vortex, and another control field has no vortex. We show that the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the vortex control beam can be transferred to a generated probe field through a four-wave-mixing process and without switching on and off of the control fields. Such a mechanism of OAM transfer is much simpler than in a double-tripod scheme in which the exchange of vortices is possible only when two control fields carry optical vortices of opposite helicity. The losses appearing during such OAM exchange are then calculated. It is found that the one-photon detuning plays an important role in minimizing the losses. An approximate analytical expression is obtained for the optimal one-photon detuning for which the losses are minimum while the intensity of generated probe field is maximum. The influence of phase mismatch on the exchange of optical vortices is also investigated. We show that in presence of phase mismatch the exchange of optical vortices can still be efficient.
In information transfer, the dissipation of a signal may have crucial importance. The feasibility of reconstructing the distorted signal also depends on this. That is why the study of quantized dissipative transversal single particle mechanical waves may have an important role. It may be true, particularly on the nanoscale in the case of signal distortion, loss, or restoration. Based on the damped oscillator quantum description, we generalize the canonical quantization procedure for the transversal waves. Furthermore, we deduce the related damped wave equation and the state function. We point out the two kinds of solutions of the wave equation. One involves the well-known spreading solution superposed with the oscillation, in which the loss of information is complete. The other is the Airy function solution, which is non-spreading, so there is information loss only due to oscillation damping. However, the structure of the wavefront remains unchanged. Thus, this result allows signal reconstruction, which is important in restoring the lost information.