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Chinese Physics Letters

Two-photon optical bistability in Raman processes

Zheng Qianbing, Hongli Cao

Published May 1, 1987• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The first experimental observation of two-photon optical bistability in Raman case (both in ordinary stimulated Raman scattering and Raman laser) is reported. The active control character in two-photon bistability is verified. It is also shown that the bistability plays an important role in efficient stimulated Raman scattering conversion.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/4/5/003

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The first experimental observation of two-photon optical bistability in Raman case (both in ordinary stimulated Raman scattering and Raman laser) is reported. The active control character in two-photon bistability is verified. It is also shown that the bistability plays an important role in efficient stimulated Raman scattering conversion.
This thesis describes the development of a novel quantum oscillator known as a two-photon Raman laser. It is based on two-photon stimulated emission in strongly driven potassium atoms. Two-photon lasers were Þrst proposed in the 1960s, but only recently have such devices been experimentally realized. The two-photon Raman laser is an important step forward as it provides the Þrst oppurtunity to study the turn-on behavior, instabilities, and noise properties of a pure two-photon optical device. The necessary ingredients for a two-photon laser are a medium displaying two-photon laser beam ampliÞcation and an optical resonator. In my two-photon Raman laser the ampliÞcation arises from a multi-photon process in which state-prepared potassium atoms undergo two-photon Raman transitions. This ampliÞcation process was studied using a high-density, small-Doppler-width potassium atomic beam that was driven by a strong pump laser and probed by a weak probe laser. I observed two-photon Raman ampliÞcation for a range of pump laser frequencies, atomic beam
Stimulated two-photon induced Raman scattering (hyper-Raman scattering) in an amplifier consisting of four-level atoms is analyzed semiclassically, via the coupled density matrix and Maxwell equations. We consider conditions typically encountered in the optical regime and in vapors. We show that even in the linear regime, it is characterized by a significant depletion of the atomic ground-state population, thus invalidating perturbative analyses based, for instance, on the nonlinear susceptibility tensor. Two major regimes of operation are found, one in which the population is completely consumed by the interaction ("linear regime"), and one in which the pump laser is depleted ("nonlinear regime"). Both regimes are, however, characterized by small photon conversion efficiencies. The tuning range is also briefly discussed.
Atomic systems that display a linear or weakly nonlinear interaction with light are well known and well understood. However, when the interaction between light and matter becomes highly nonlinear and the light and matter strongly couple, the systems become much more difficult to understand both theoretically and experimentally. One example of a strongly coupled, highly nonlinear system is the two-photon laser that is based on the two-photon stimulated emission process. This laser has intrigued theorists and experimentalists alike. Research has been hindered, however, by the difficulties in constructing such a laser. Most two-photon gain media prove unsuitable due to small gain and the occurrence of destructive competing nonlinear effects. I have developed a new two-photon gain medium that overcomes these difficulties. It consists of a laser-driven potassium vapor in which the origin of the gain is due to the two-photon Raman scattering process. The two-photon gain feature is identified by performing spectroscopy of the laser-driven potassium vapor. To complement the experimental observations, I have developed a theoretical model of the two-photon Raman gain medium using the semi-classical density-matrix formalism. The predictions of the model are in qualitative agreement with the experimentally observed frequency- and intensity-dependence of the two-photon gain. I also describe a simplified rate-equation model of two-photon lasers through which I explore their steady-state and transient behavior. The model highlights the novel threshold behavior of two-photon lasers and the need to inject an external field to initiate lasing. This work, both theoretical and experimental, provides the first step toward a robust experimental realization of a two-photon laser.
A phosphate neodymium glass laser emitting picosecond pulses tunable in the 1.05–1.07 μ range was developed to study nonlinear optical processes in atomic barium vapor. Its temporal characteristics were investigated using a modified second harmonic beam method. Electron stimulated Raman scattering and four-photon parametric conversion in atomic barium vapor were used to obtain efficient conversion of the third harmonic of the picosecond phosphate laser (350–356 nm) to the Stokes (580–600 nm) and anti-Stokes (250–253 nm) waves. The highest conversion quantum efficiency for the Stokes wave was 15%. Electron stimulated Raman scattering in an (6 s 2 ) 1 S –(6 s 7 s ) 1 S –(6 s 6 p ) 1 P 0 system, having a strongly forbidden first transition, was recorded for the first time. In the same system, two-photon pumping generated four-photon parametric superradiance and it was found that the signal and idler waves had anomalously broad spectra (wider than 100 cm −1 ).