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IEEE photonics journal

Comparison of Ultranarrow Fluorescence and Four-Wave Mixing in Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Windows

Zhiguo Wang, Peiying Li, Zhaoyang Zhang, Chengjun Lei, Furong Lei, Haixia Chen, Yanpeng Zhang

Published Mar 14, 2013• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We simultaneously observe the probe transmission, four-wave mixing (FWM) and fluorescence signals under dressing effects in a four-level -type atomic system for the first time. The physical mechanisms of three types of signals are explored by changing the frequency detuning and power of incident laser beams. Especially, the ultranarrow fluorescence signals have been experimentally obtained due to twice shearing by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window, which are much narrower than the Doppler-free EIT window. Such ultranarrow fluorescence signals with very high coherence and monochromaticity have potential applications in the quantum correlation and narrow linewidth laser. Studying the FWM processes can find applications in optical switch and optical communication.

DOI
10.1109/jphot.2013.2250273

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We simultaneously observe the probe transmission, four-wave mixing (FWM) and fluorescence signals under dressing effects in a four-level -type atomic system for the first time. The physical mechanisms of three types of signals are explored by changing the frequency detuning and power of incident laser beams. Especially, the ultranarrow fluorescence signals have been experimentally obtained due to twice shearing by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window, which are much narrower than the Doppler-free EIT window. Such ultranarrow fluorescence signals with very high coherence and monochromaticity have potential applications in the quantum correlation and narrow linewidth laser. Studying the FWM processes can find applications in optical switch and optical communication.
We simultaneously compare the probe transmission, Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) and fluorescence signals with dressing effects in a four-level atomic system. The variation rules of three types of signals are exhibited by changing the frequency detuning and power of incident laser beams. The interplay between two ladder subsystems is investigated in the Y-type atomic system. In particular, the fluorescence signal with ultra-narrow linewidth is obtained due to being sheared twice by the electromagnetically induced transparency window. Such fluorescence with very high coherence and monochromaticity can be used for the quantum correlation and narrow linewidth laser.
We experimentally compare the probe transmission, four-wave mixing (FWM) and fluorescence signals under dressing effects for the first time. Especially, the interplay between two ladder subsystems is investigated in the Y -type atomic system. Moreover, the two-photon fluorescence signal with ultra-narrow linewidth is obtained, which is much narrower than the Doppler-free electromagnetically induced transparency window. Such fluorescence with very high coherence and monochromaticity can be potentially applied in metrology and quantum correlation.
Two four-wave-mixing (FWM) processes can coexist in a four-level Y-type atomic system with carefully arranged coupling laser beams. The generated two FWM signal beams fall into two simultaneously opened dual electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows, which can be tuned to overlap or separate by various frequency detunings. The authors report our experimental observation of competing FWM processes, especially mutual suppression of the two FWM signals when the two EIT windows merge in frequency. Controlling FWM processes can have important applications in wavelength conversion for optical communication.
We mainly investigate four generated four-wave-mixing (FWM) signals, and second- and fourth-order fluorescence (FL) signals, simultaneously in a cascade three-level atomic system of sodium, in which dual electromagnetically induced transparency windows are used to enable transparency of the generated FWM signals. The moving and immobile two-photon dressing effects on the FWM and multi-order FL signals as well as the interaction of dressing effects are studied. Furthermore, we investigate the spontaneous parametric FWM signal and spatial images of the transmitted probe signal modulated by the cross-Kerr nonlinearities effect of the dressing field both experimentally and theoretically. The study may find applications in all-optical communication.
We report the first observation of six-wave mixing (SWM) and fluorescence signals in an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window. Several remarkable advantages are described. First, multiple bright and dark states are simultaneously observed due to enhancement or suppression of the SWM signal. Second, ultra-narrow fluorescence, much narrower than the EIT window, is experimentally obtained. Third, the ultra-narrow fluorescence can also generate Autler–Townes splitting on scanning the coupling beam. Fourth, a double-peak EIT window is obtained using the nest-dressing scheme. Such studies concerning SWM and fluorescence have applications in optical switching, multi-channel communication and narrowband and long-range quantum communication.
Rydberg-dressed four-wave mixing (FWM) is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated with two electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows generated in a Y-type Rb85 atomic configuration. Such dressing effect related to Rydberg states can lead to enhancement and suppression in the FWM process, which can be manipulated by the frequency detuning, Rabi frequency, and polarization of laser fields. Particularly, with the enhancement condition satisfied, coexisting FWM and Rydberg six-wave mixing (SWM) peaks with ultranarrow linewidth (much less than 30 MHz) are simultaneously observed. The controllable enhancement and suppression in a Rydberg-EIT medium can provide a novel nondestructive nonlinear method to investigate the spectrum involving Rydberg excitation in the atomic ensemble above room temperature.