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Physical Review A

Spatial solitons in a three-level atomic medium supported by a Laguerre-Gaussian control beam

Chao Hang, V. V. Konotop

Published May 31, 2011• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the existence and stability of various types of spatial solitons in a three-level atomic medium with Laguerre-Gaussian control beam. Radial and azimuthal modulations of the medium properties, introduced by the control beam, provide possibilities for existence of diverse soliton patterns and dynamics. Beam diffraction provides additional soliton controllability. All types of solitons can be generated at very low input energy at a few-photon level.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.053845

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We investigate the existence and stability of various types of spatial solitons in a three-level atomic medium with Laguerre-Gaussian control beam. Radial and azimuthal modulations of the medium properties, introduced by the control beam, provide possibilities for existence of diverse soliton patterns and dynamics. Beam diffraction provides additional soliton controllability. All types of solitons can be generated at very low input energy at a few-photon level.
Diffractionless propagation of optical beams through atomic vapors is investigated. The atoms in the vapor are operated in a three-level Raman configuration. A suitably chosen control beam couples to one of the transitions, and thereby creates a spatially varying index of refraction modulation in the warm atomic vapor for a probe beam that couples to the other transition in the atoms. We show that a Laguerre-Gaussian control beam allows the propagation of single Gaussian probe field modes as well as multi-Gaussian modes and non-Gaussian modes over macroscopic distances without diffraction. This opens perspectives for the propagation of arbitrary images through warm atomic vapors.
Abstract We study high-resolution atomic localization in a multilevel atomic system driven simultaneously by a Gaussian and a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam. The coexistence of the two fields creates a hybrid coupling landscape in which the Gaussian beam supplies radial confinement, while the LG beam contributes an orbital angular momentum (OAM)-dependent azimuthal modulation. By solving the steady-state density-matrix equations, we show that the resulting localization patterns contain mixed spatial harmonics whose structure is set by the topological charge, beam waist, and probe detuning. The OAM index determines the angular symmetry of the localized absorption features, whereas the beam waist controls their radial extent. Probe detuning provides an additional tuning mechanism that alters the contrast and geometry of the localization regions. These results highlight how structured light fields can be used to engineer controllable spatial localization in atomic media, with relevance to precision metrology, spatially resolved quantum control, and structured-light sensing.
We consider propagation of a weakly nonlinear probe light beam in a resonant three-level atomic system where an optical lattice is induced by a standing-wave control field and conditions for electromagnetically induced transparency are created. We employ a unified theory to solve the respective nonlinear system of equations in various regimes and investigate formation of spatial optical solitons and instabilities, both analytically and numerically. We show that the effect of the lattice is twofold. On the one hand it allows one to reduce the probe beam intensity necessary for observation of nonlinear effects until the level of one-photon energy, and on the other hand the lattice allows for implementation of different dynamical regimes either by simple manipulation of its parameters or by varying one- and two-photon detunings or by changing the geometry of the incident probe beam.
We present the theoretical model of coherent interactions of the light beams in a two-level resonant medium, taking into account a spatial-periodic modulation of the parameters of nonlinear medium in an interference field as well as nonlinear behavior of refractive index and absorption coefficient due to optical bleaching. As evidenced by the results of investigations described in this work, the process of the light beams interaction via scattering from dynamically induced optical gratings in two-level resonant medium is characterized by a number of interesting features like mutual attraction and repulsion, irradiation of additional beams probably due to soliton-soliton diffraction mode, formation of dark spatial solitons in the mode of defocusing interaction that can be used for all-optical control over the spatial structure of laser beams. Formation of bound states of spatial cavity solitons upon intracavity four-wave mixing and possibilities for control over all-optical soliton-based operations are also discussed.
We demonstrate our experiment of controlling spatial displacements of the probe beam induced by the cross-Kerr effect in a three-level V-type atomic system. By increasing the atomic density or the intensity of strong control laser beams, spatial displacements are enhanced. We further study the difference of effects from the atomic density and the laser intensity. In addition, the spatial displacement efficiencies of the probe beam in different energy level atomic systems are compared. Such studies of controlling spatial displacements can have potential applications in soliton deflection, spatial optical switch and generating spatially correlated (entangled) laser beams in multi-level EIT systems.
We studied and investigated whether light pulses travel faster then light in a four-level atomic medium using a theoretical method. Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam waist, denoted by F and strength Z, is regulated in this investigation. We analyses the localized absorption and dispersion properties within the four level atomic medium as well as demonstrate how the group velocity is affected by changing the beam waist. Our results showed that the team index remained negative, with values spanning -0.0015 to -0.0005, and the speed of the group at reduced beam-like waists was among -0.0004 and -0.0002 c. While the superluminal capability remains constant, the level of localized absorption as well as dispersion increases with the pulse waist. This work provides new insights into the flexibility of light propagation on dispersive surfaces, which may be helpful in domains like gravitational wave motion detection methods, soliton scanning systems, and high-frequency optical computation.