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Physical Review Letters

Parametric Frequency Conversion of Resonance Radiation in Optically Pumped Rubidium-87 Vapor

Haoqin Tang, W. Happer

Published Mar 16, 1970• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Parametric frequency conversion of resonance radiation in an optically pumped atomic vapor has been observed for the first time. Conversion efficiencies of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ have already been observed in ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ vapor, and considerably higher conversion efficiencies should be attainable.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.24.551

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Parametric Frequency Conversion of Resonance Radiation in Optically Pumped Rb87 Vapor

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This paper reports an investigation of parametric frequency conversion in a vapor of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ atoms in which nearly resonant optical waves are coupled with microwaves at the ground-state hyperfine-structure (hfs) frequency of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ by the nonlinear susceptibilities of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ vapor. These nonlinear susceptibilities are greatly enhanced by optical pumping of the ground-state hfs levels of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ and by using nearly resonant light. The frequency-conversion process generates optical sideband waves which are separated in frequency from the carrier light waves by the ground-state hfs frequency of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ (6.835 GHz). These sidebands have been directly observed in the spectral profiles of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}$ resonance light which had passed through ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ vapor. The conversion efficiency of power from the carrier waves to the sideband waves in a 45-cm length of vapor was greater than 1%. The observed behavior of the sidebands is in excellent qualitative agreement with the predictions of a semiclassical theory.

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Effective frequency conversion of radiation in sodium vapor

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Four-photon parametric sum-frequency generation in a randomly modulated (noncoherent) pump field was investigated, and an expression obtained for the quantum conversion efficiency. It was found experimentally that on broadening the pump line by a factor of 20–30 (lowering the spectral density by a factor of 10–20) the quantum conversion efficiency for 9.27 μ radiation in sodium vapor reached 35%, exceeding that for the case of quasimonochromatic pumping.

Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics•Oct 31, 1982•0 citations
Parametric frequency conversion of resonance radiation in an optically pumped atomic vapor has been observed for the first time. Conversion efficiencies of 10\ensuremath−3{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}10\ensuremath−3 have already been observed in Rb87{\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}Rb87 vapor, and considerably higher conversion efficiencies should be attainable.
This paper reports an investigation of parametric frequency conversion in a vapor of Rb87{\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}Rb87 atoms in which nearly resonant optical waves are coupled with microwaves at the ground-state hyperfine-structure (hfs) frequency of Rb87{\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}Rb87 by the nonlinear susceptibilities of Rb87{\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}Rb87 vapor. These nonlinear susceptibilities are greatly enhanced by optical pumping of the ground-state hfs levels of Rb87{\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}Rb87 and by using nearly resonant light. The frequency-conversion process generates optical sideband waves which are separated in frequency from the carrier light waves by the ground-state hfs frequency of Rb87{\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}Rb87 (6.835 GHz). These sidebands have been directly observed in the spectral profiles of Rb85{\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}Rb85 resonance light which had passed through Rb87{\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}Rb87 vapor. The conversion efficiency of power from the carrier waves to the sideband waves in a 45-cm length of vapor was greater than 1%. The observed behavior of the sidebands is in excellent qualitative agreement with the predictions of a semiclassical theory.
A study was made of the dependences of the efficiency of resonant parametric frequency conversion in sodium vapor on the infrared radiation wavelength, vapor density, and detuning from two-photon pump resonance. It was found in this conversion system that for each infrared wave the conversion efficiency had three maxima on tuning the frequency of two-photon pumping over the region of a forbidden transition. The principal maximum was realized for accurate two-photon resonance, and the two other maxima resulted from a rise in the cubic susceptibility close to single-photon sum-frequency resonances. A quantum efficiency of 35% was achieved for a 9.26 μ infrared wave.
A new method based on optical pumping is proposed for increasing the parameters of dark resonance excitation on D 2 line in 87 Rb vapor. The pumping is provided by linearly polarized two-frequency laser radiation propagating in the direction perpendicular to the probing field directed along the cell with atomic rubidium vapor. This method significantly improves the dark resonance parameters as compared to the case of pumping by a circularly polarized field. Qualitative considerations are confirmed by the results of numerical calculations.