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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Theory of near-resonance scattering of a laser beam on alkali atoms perturbed by a foreign gas

Janusz Czub, Jan Fiutak

Published Jan 14, 1981• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The spectrum of resonance fluorescence and scattered light is calculated, on the basis of the dressed-atom approach, in the case of joined S 1/2 -P 1/2 and S 1/2 -P 3/2 transitions. The dependence of the steady-state density matrix on detuning and field strength is investigated for linear polarisation of the laser beam. The influence of the polarisation of the laser beam and of the scattered light on spectral distribution is discussed.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/14/1/007

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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics•Jul 14, 1985•3 citations
The spectrum of resonance fluorescence and scattered light is calculated, on the basis of the dressed-atom approach, in the case of joined S 1/2 -P 1/2 and S 1/2 -P 3/2 transitions. The dependence of the steady-state density matrix on detuning and field strength is investigated for linear polarisation of the laser beam. The influence of the polarisation of the laser beam and of the scattered light on spectral distribution is discussed.
The theory of the collisional and radiative relaxation of an atom perturbed by foreign-gas atoms in the presence of an intense monochromatic laser beam is developed. The spatial degeneracy of the levels and the reorientation effects of the collisions are included. The impact approximation is not made, but the Doppler effect is neglected. The spectrum of the fluorescent and scattered light is obtained from an eigenvalue problem in Liouville space using the dressed-atom approach and rotationally irreducible tensors. Minimal symmetry-adapted bases in Liouville space are constructed for linear, circular and elliptical incident polarisation. The method is illustrated for S 0 -P 1 transitions.
We investigated the near resonant scattering and collision induced fluorescence of sodium atoms with doublet excited states in a weak laser field. By changing the frequency of the incident light and measuring the integral intensities of the components of the scattered light, the near resonant excitation cross-section of each sublevel was obtained as functions of the frequency detuning. Their variations are qualitatively explained by the interaction potential between the sodium atom and various collisional perturbing species. We have measured the variation of the induced D1 and D2 fluorescence with laser power, density of sodium atoms and pressure of buffer gas. It is shown that the relation is linear. The experimental results are in agreement with the theory.
The authors apply the dressed-atom model to evaluate the spectrum of nearly resonant light scattering from atoms in a perturber gas. The intensity of the monochromatic incident light may be sufficiently high to cause saturation effects, and the detuning from resonance may be large enough to invalidate the impact limit. The results for a two-state or a three-state atom, which are valid in the limit that the lines in the scattered spectrum are well separated, generalise previous work that assumed either the impact or the low-intensity limit.
The resonance fluorescence from a three-level atom irradiated by a monochromatic laser is studied. Detailed spectra are calculated by using the Heisenberg source-field approach, and introducing Liouvillian space techniques. It is predicted that in the steady-state limit the fluorescence from an atom having two closely spaced excited states will have an anisotropically polarised seven-line spectrum. Graphs are shown of the predicted spectra in the case of on-resonance excitation and of far off-resonance excitation.