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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Observation of scattered light with time-dependent near-resonant laser excitation

Stefano Cavalieri, M. Matera, Massimo Mazzoni, E. Arimondo

Published Nov 28, 1986• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Near-resonant scattering of a pulsed laser beam by strontium atoms is studied. The spectral distribution of the scattered radiation has been measured and compared with the spectrum calculated from the dressed-state picture of the laser-atom interaction in the adiabatic approximation. The experimental results are well described by taking into account the temporal and spatial distribution of the laser intensity.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/19/22/003

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Near-resonant scattering of a pulsed laser beam by strontium atoms is studied. The spectral distribution of the scattered radiation has been measured and compared with the spectrum calculated from the dressed-state picture of the laser-atom interaction in the adiabatic approximation. The experimental results are well described by taking into account the temporal and spatial distribution of the laser intensity.
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This paper reports on our studies of near-resonant scattering of laser light in a collisional environment. A pulsed dye laser with a peak power of 55 MW/cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2 was tuned near the 460.73-nm resonance line of strontium and the side emission was observed from an oven containing both strontium vapor and argon buffer gas. The emission was composed of three spectral components: Rayleigh scattering at the frequency of the laser ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{L}$, fluorescence at the resonance frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$ of strontium, and a third component at $2{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{L}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$. These three components have been studied as a function of the frequency and intensity of the laser and also as a function of the argon buffer gas pressure. While the Rayleigh emission was found to vary as ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ ($\ensuremath{\Delta}={\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{L}$), the fluorescence component, which was produced by Sr-Ar collisions, was found to be asymmetric with the sign of $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ as predicted by line-broadening theory. By measuring the ratio of the intensities of the fluorescence and Rayleigh components, we were able to measure directly the collisional redistribution function, important in the study of radiative transfer in stellar and planetary atmospheres. At high laser intensities all three components were found to saturate. The results were compared with the theoretical predictions of Mollow's steady-state theory. Theoretical fits for the high-intensity results were obtained when the collisional cross sections were taken to be considerably smaller than in our low-intensity measurements. We believe the discrepancy lies in the use of a steady-state theory for a transient experiment. Effects of radiative trapping and spatial averaging are also discussed.
The density-matrix approach is used to describe the dynamics of thallium-type dressed atoms in a gaseous environment. The effects of spatial degeneracy are accounted for. It is shown that the stationary contribution to the spectrum is not always dominant and may even be negligible. Thus, a consistent description requires the use of the time-dependent spectrum such as that of Eberly and Wodkiewicz (1977). In this connection a new interpretation of the experiment on near resonant scattering of light on thallium-type atoms is proposed.
We report a combined experimental and theoretical simulation of multiply scattered light dynamics in an ultracold gas of 85Rb atoms. Measurements of the spectral dependence of the time-decay of the scattered light intensity, following pulsed excitation with near resonance radiation, reveals that the decay for long times is nearly exponential, with a decay constant that is largely independent of detuning from resonance. Monte Carlo simulations of the multiple scattering process show that, for large detunings, near resonance scattering of Fourier components of the excitation pulse plays a significant role in the effect. This interpretation is supported by the observations, and successful modelling, of beating between Rayleigh scattered light at the excitation carrier frequency with the Fourier components of the excitation pulse that overlap significantly with the atomic resonance.