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Physical Review A

Giant bistable shifts for one-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals

Peng Hou, Yuanyuan Chen, Xi Chen, Jielong Shi, Qi Wang

Published Apr 26, 2007• 50 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is found that there exists a hysteretic response between the incident intensity and the lateral shift for a one-dimensional photonic crystal containing a nonlinear defect. The lateral shift can be greatly enhanced when the incident intensity decreases from a value higher than the switch-up threshold of optical bistability and reaches the maximum at the switch-down threshold. It is also found that the hysteresis is strongly dependent on the nonlinear defect, the incident angle, and the incident frequency. The validity of the theoretical analysis is demonstrated by numerical simulations for a Gaussian beam.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.75.045802

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It is found that there exists a hysteretic response between the incident intensity and the lateral shift for a one-dimensional photonic crystal containing a nonlinear defect. The lateral shift can be greatly enhanced when the incident intensity decreases from a value higher than the switch-up threshold of optical bistability and reaches the maximum at the switch-down threshold. It is also found that the hysteresis is strongly dependent on the nonlinear defect, the incident angle, and the incident frequency. The validity of the theoretical analysis is demonstrated by numerical simulations for a Gaussian beam.
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Optical bistability device based on nonlinear one-dimensional photonic crystals is designed and manufactured. The device has 20 periods and is made from ZnS and ZnSe layers alternately. When the incident power density reach threshold power density 1.0 × 105 W/cm2, the Ar ion laser, whose wavelength is 514.5 nm, is shifted out of the optical band gap of the one-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals, so an optical switch is made. It also can be made into an optical bistability device. The threshold power density of the optical bistability is 1.38 × 105 W/cm2 and its switching time is about 100 ps in experiment. The experimental results are in good accordance with the theoretical ones.
We investigate optical bistability in a multilayer one-dimensional photonic crystal where the central layer is doped with $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type three-level atoms. We take into account the influence of spontaneously generated coherence when the lower atomic levels are sufficiently close to each other, in which case Kerr-type nonlinear response of the atoms is enhanced. We calculate the propagation of a probe beam in the defect mode window using the numerical nonlinear transfer matrix method. We find that Rabi frequency of a control field acting on the defect layer and the detuning of the probe field from the atomic resonance can be used to control the size and contrast of the hysteresis loop and the threshold of the optical bistability. In particular we find that at the optimal spontaneously generated coherence, a three orders of magnitude lower threshold can be achieved relative to the case without the coherence.