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Journal of Physics Condensed Matter

Electromagnetically induced absorption in detuned stub waveguides: a simple analytical and experimental model

Abdelkader Mouadili, El Houssaine El Boudouti, Ali Soltani, Abdelkrim Talbi, Bahram Djafari‐Rouhani, Abdellatif Akjouj, Kamel Haddadi

Published Nov 19, 2014• 47 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We give an analytical and experimental demonstration of a classical analogue of the electromagnetic induced absorption (EIA) in a simple photonic device consisting of two stubs of lengths d1 and d2 grafted at the same site along a waveguide. By detuning the lengths of the two stubs (i.e. δ = d(2) - d(1)) we show that: (i) the amplitudes of the electromagnetic waves in the two stubs can be written following the two resonators model where each stub plays the role of a radiative resonator with low Q factor. The destructive interference between the waves in the two stubs may give rise to a sharp resonance peak with high Q factor in the transmission as well as in the absorption. (ii) The transmission coefficient around the resonance induced by the stubs can be written following a Fano-like form. In particular, we give an explicit expression of the position, width and Fano parameter of the resonances as a function of δ. (iii) By taking into account the loss in the waveguides, we show that at the transmission resonance, the transmission (reflection) increases (decreases) as a function of δ. Whereas the absorption goes through a maximum around 0.5 for a threshold value δth which depends on the attenuation in the system and then falls to zero. (iv) We give a comparison between the phase of the determinant of the scattering matrix, the so-called Friedel phase and the phase of the transmission amplitude. (v) The effect of the boundary conditions at the end of the resonators on the EIA resonance is also discussed. The analytical results are obtained by means of the Green's function method, whereas the experiments are carried out using coaxial cables in the radio-frequency regime. These results should have important consequences for designing integrated devices such as narrow-frequency optical or microwave filters and high-speed switches.

DOI
10.1088/0953-8984/26/50/505901

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We give an analytical and experimental demonstration of a classical analogue of the electromagnetic induced absorption (EIA) in a simple photonic device consisting of two stubs of lengths d1 and d2 grafted at the same site along a waveguide. By detuning the lengths of the two stubs (i.e. δ = d(2) - d(1)) we show that: (i) the amplitudes of the electromagnetic waves in the two stubs can be written following the two resonators model where each stub plays the role of a radiative resonator with low Q factor. The destructive interference between the waves in the two stubs may give rise to a sharp resonance peak with high Q factor in the transmission as well as in the absorption. (ii) The transmission coefficient around the resonance induced by the stubs can be written following a Fano-like form. In particular, we give an explicit expression of the position, width and Fano parameter of the resonances as a function of δ. (iii) By taking into account the loss in the waveguides, we show that at the transmission resonance, the transmission (reflection) increases (decreases) as a function of δ. Whereas the absorption goes through a maximum around 0.5 for a threshold value δth which depends on the attenuation in the system and then falls to zero. (iv) We give a comparison between the phase of the determinant of the scattering matrix, the so-called Friedel phase and the phase of the transmission amplitude. (v) The effect of the boundary conditions at the end of the resonators on the EIA resonance is also discussed. The analytical results are obtained by means of the Green's function method, whereas the experiments are carried out using coaxial cables in the radio-frequency regime. These results should have important consequences for designing integrated devices such as narrow-frequency optical or microwave filters and high-speed switches.
Abstract We give an analytical and experimental demonstration of the possibility to realize a simple photonic demultiplexer based on electromagnetically induced transparency resonances. The demultiplexer consists of a Y-shaped waveguide with an input line and two output lines. Each output line contains two grafted stubs at a given position far from the input line. We derive in closed form the expressions for a selective transfer of a single propagating mode through one line keeping the other line unaffected. We illustrate the analytical and numerical results by a simple experiment carried out using coaxial cables in the radio frequency domain.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency/absorption (EIT/EIA) tailor the amplitude and phase response of an absorption resonance to create large dispersion, which has been exploited for applications in slow- and fast-light, and quantum information science. Since EIA enhances (induces) absorption of an already existing absorption (transmission) profile, it leads to a significant reduction in output signal power. Induction of a narrow absorption feature within a gain resonance can compensate for the signal loss while creating large dispersion at the EIA feature frequency. However, the demonstration of an analogue of EIA exploiting gain resonances has remained elusive. Here, we exploit coherent interaction between the Brillouin gain resonances in orthogonal polarization states to demonstrate controlled excitation of an analogue of EIA over microwave frequency range of 2.5–43 GHz. We induce a narrow absorption feature (~6 MHz), with controllable depth and frequency, within Brillouin gain resonance, demonstrating a novel technique for microwave photonic processing.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance is obtained in a well-studied lambda three level system where an optical coupling field and a probing field interact with two optical transitions. However, both electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and EIT can be obtained in a modified quasi-lambda four level system consisting of an optical-radio two-photon coupling field and a probing field. By solving the density matrix equation of motion, a physical account of EIA and EIT is given in terms of a dressed state picture. It can be seen that the optical coupling field in this quasi-lambda four level system has a crucial effect on the forming of EIA and EIT. An EIA is observed under a resonant optical coupling and it evolves into an EIT when there is a detuning. Furthermore, the width of EIA or EIT increases as the optical coupling Rabi frequency increases.
We report a novel guided-wave resonator that supports multiple bands of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The platform for the spatial and spectral interference is obtained by a microstrip transmission line loaded with proximity-coupled open-circuited stubs. We show experimentally that with two microstrip open stubs, a complete destructive interference takes place leading to a single EIT band with near-unity transmission efficiency. More interestingly, the addition of a third stub results in a supplementary EIT band with a Q-factor of 147 and an effective group refractive index of 530. With the open-stub configuration, the EIT phase response can be dynamically controlled by varying the capacitance between the adjacent stubs without breaking the transmission path of the underlying electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the proposed structure is well suited for buffering and tunable phase modulation applications. Since the proposed structures are compact and fully planar, we anticipate seamless integration with low-profile high frequency electronics.
We theoretically investigate the classical analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in a planar metamaterial at optical frequency, which originates from destructive and constructive interference between dark and radiative elements.The metamaterial consists of two coupled resonators with different geometries.An EIT-like transparent window with low absorption is observed and found to be strongly affected by resonant states of the resonators.The transition between the EIT and EIA is achieved by changing the split width and coupling distance.The absorption is enhanced up to 2.5 times compared with the dipolar case.The excitation of the dark mode is very important for EIT-and EIA-like responses of the proposed metamaterial.The EIT and EIA phenomena offer a potential method for manipulating electromagnetic response in metamaterial-based devices.
Several classical analogues of electromagnetically induced transparency in metamaterials have been demonstrated. A simple two-resonator model can describe their absorption spectrum qualitatively, but fails to provide information about the scattering properties--e.g., transmission and group delay. Here we develop an alternative model that rigorously includes the coupling of the radiative resonator to the external electromagnetic fields. This radiating two-oscillator model can describe both the absorption spectrum and the scattering parameters quantitatively. The model also predicts metamaterials with a narrow spectral feature in the absorption larger than the background absorption of the radiative element. This classical analogue of electromagnetically induced absorption is shown to occur when both the dissipative loss of the radiative resonator and the coupling strength are small. These predictions are subsequently demonstrated in experiments.