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Physics Letters A

Optimal Lyapunov quantum control of two-level systems: Convergence and extended techniques

L.C. Wang, S. C. Hou, X. X. Yi, Daoyi Dong, Ian R. Petersen

Published Feb 25, 2014• 30 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.physleta.2014.02.027

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Taking a two-level system as an example, we show that a strong control field may enhance the efficiency of optimal Lyapunov quantum control in [Hou et al., Phys. Rev. A \textbf{86}, 022321 (2012)] but could decrease its control fidelity. A relationship between the strength of the control field and the control fidelity is established. An extended technique, which combines free evolution and external control, is proposed to improve the control fidelity. We analytically demonstrate that the extended technique can be used to design a control law for steering a two-level system exactly to the target state. In such a way, the convergence of the extended optimal Lyapunov quantum control can be guaranteed.
This study aims to facilitate quantum control design by making use of derived real-valued equations, which are equivalent to the Schrödinger equation. First, a pure-state identification approach is presented to show that a quantum state can be determined by a minimum number of real parameters. Second, the real-valued equations are deduced for both two- and three-level systems based on the results of the state parametrisation. The procedure is also extended to n-level systems. Third, with the assistance of the derived real-valued equations, the state transfer problem is investigated based on Lyapunov analysis. The state transfer convergence is analysed. It is further shown how to achieve arbitrary pure state transfers via the Lyapunov method by designing the control. The real-valued equations provide a convenient way for theoretical analysis and control design of quantum systems, and therefore can assist in the implementation of quantum control. The state transfer convergence is analysed. It is further shown how to achieve arbitrary pure-state transfers via the Lyapunov method by designing the control.
This article provides a novel continuous-time state feedback control strategy to stabilize an eigenstate of the Hermitian measurement operator of a two-level quantum system. In open loop, such system converges stochastically to one of the eigenstates of the measurement operator. Previous work has proposed state feedback that destabilizes the undesired eigenstates and relies on a probabilistic analysis to prove convergence. In contrast, we here associate the state observer to an adaptive version of so-called Markovian feedback (essentially, proportional control) and we show that this leads to a global exponential convergence property with a strict Lyapunov function. Furthermore, besides the instantaneous measurement output, our controller only depends on the single coordinate along the measurement axis, which opens the way to replacing the full state observer by lower-complexity filters in the future.