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arXiv:1306.0556

Optimal Lyapunov quantum control on two-level systems: convergence and extended techniques

L. C. Wang, S. C. Hou, Xun Yi, Daoyi Dong, Ian R. Petersen

Published Jun 4, 2013• 0 citations
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Abstract

Taking a two-level system as an example, we show that a strong control field may enhance the efficiency of optimal Lyapunov quantum control in [Hou et al., Phys. Rev. A \textbf{86}, 022321 (2012)] but could decrease its control fidelity. A relationship between the strength of the control field and the control fidelity is established. An extended technique, which combines free evolution and external control, is proposed to improve the control fidelity. We analytically demonstrate that the extended technique can be used to design a control law for steering a two-level system exactly to the target state. In such a way, the convergence of the extended optimal Lyapunov quantum control can be guaranteed.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1306.0556

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Taking a two-level system as an example, we show that a strong control field may enhance the efficiency of optimal Lyapunov quantum control in [Hou et al., Phys. Rev. A \textbf{86}, 022321 (2012)] but could decrease its control fidelity. A relationship between the strength of the control field and the control fidelity is established. An extended technique, which combines free evolution and external control, is proposed to improve the control fidelity. We analytically demonstrate that the extended technique can be used to design a control law for steering a two-level system exactly to the target state. In such a way, the convergence of the extended optimal Lyapunov quantum control can be guaranteed.
Quantum Lyapunov control was developed in order to transform a quantum system from arbitrary initial states to a target state. The idea is to find control fields that steer the Lyapunov function to zero as $t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$, meanwhile the quantum system is driven to the target state. In order to shorten the time required to reach the target state, we propose two designs to optimize Lyapunov control in this paper. The first design makes the Lyapunov function decrease as fast as possible with a constraint on the total power of control fields, and the second design has the same purpose but with a constraint on each control field. Examples of a three-level system demonstrate that the evolution time for Lyapunov control can be significantly shortened, especially when high control fidelity is required. Besides, this optimal Lyapunov-based quantum control is robust against uncertainties in the free Hamiltonian and decoherence in the system compared to conventional Lyapunov control. We apply our optimal design to cool a nanomechanical resonator where a shorter cooling time is found with respect to the cooling time by the conventional Lyapunov design.
Methods of optimal control are applied to a model system of interacting two-level particles (e.g., spin-half atomic nuclei or electrons or two-level atoms) to produce high-fidelity quantum gates while simultaneously negating the detrimental effect of decoherence. One set of particles functions as the quantum information processor, whose evolution is controlled by a time-dependent external field. The other particles are not directly controlled and serve as an effective environment, coupling to which is the source of decoherence. The control objective is to generate target one- and two-qubit unitary gates in the presence of strong environmentally-induced decoherence and under physically motivated restrictions on the control field. The quantum-gate fidelity, expressed in terms of a novel state-independent distance measure, is maximized with respect to the control field using combined genetic and gradient algorithms. The resulting high-fidelity gates demonstrate the feasibility of precisely guiding the quantum evolution via optimal control, even when the system complexity is exacerbated by environmental coupling. It is found that the gate duration has an important effect on the control mechanism and resulting fidelity. An analysis of the sensitivity of the gate performance to random variations in the system parameters reveals a significant degree of robustness attained by the optimal control solutions.
Methods of optimal control are applied to a model system of interacting two-level particles (e.g., spin-half atomic nuclei or electrons or two-level atoms) to produce high-fidelity quantum gates while simultaneously negating the detrimental effect of decoherence. One set of particles functions as the quantum information processor, whose evolution is controlled by a time-dependent external field. The other particles are not directly controlled and serve as an effective environment, coupling to which is the source of decoherence. The control objective is to generate target one- and two-qubit unitary gates in the presence of strong environmentally-induced decoherence and under physically motivated restrictions on the control field. The quantum-gate fidelity, expressed in terms of a novel state-independent distance measure, is maximized with respect to the control field using combined genetic and gradient algorithms. The resulting high-fidelity gates demonstrate the feasibility of precisely guiding the quantum evolution via the optimal control, even when the system complexity is exacerbated by environmental coupling. It is found that the gate duration has an important effect on the control mechanism and resulting fidelity. An analysis of the sensitivity of the gate performance to random variations in the system parameters reveals a significant degree of robustness attained by the optimal control solutions.
In this paper, we consider the fixed-time stabilization control problem of quantum systems modeled by Schrödinger equations. Firstly, the Lyapunov-based fixed-time stability criterion is extended to finite-dimensional closed quantum systems in the form of coherence vectors. Then for a two-level quantum system with single control input, a non-smooth fractional-order control law is designed using the relative state distance. By integrating the fixed-time Lyapunov control technique and the bi-limit homogeneity theory, the quantum system is proved to be stabilized to an eigenstate of the inherent Hamiltonian in a fixed time. Comparing with existing methods in quantum system control, the proposed approach can guarantee stabilization in a fixed time without depending on the initial states.
In this paper, a Lyapunov-based feedback control (LFC) is proposed for the state transfer of a two-level stochastic quantum system. The quantum state is described in the Cartesian coordinate system. An exponential function is selected as the Lyapunov function to ensure the stability of the system. The Lyapunov-based feedback control strategy is designed according to the stochastic Lyapunov stability theorem. Numerical simulations results show that the proposed LFC strategy has the ability to transfer the stochastic system from any initial mixed state to the desired eigenstate, and the LFC has high convergence rate and high state transfer fidelity.
This paper addresses the critical objective of achieving rapid state transfer in quantum systems. Increasing control gain to achieve fast convergence can result in poor convergence. To circumvent this, a novel continuous, nonsmooth control is devised, exploiting Lyapunov conditions for quantum systems described by von Neumann equations. This approach ensures swift convergence to the target eigenstate while minimizing control effort and enhancing fidelity compared to prevalent techniques such as bang-bang control, approximate bang-bang control, and standard Lyapunov control. Several illustrative examples are provided to corroborate and validate the efficacy of the proposed methodology.