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Physical Review Letters

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm experiment using pairs of light quanta produced by type-II parametric down-conversion

Thomas E. Kiess, Yanhua H. Shih, Alexander V. Sergienko, C. O. Alley

Published Dec 13, 1993• 263 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report a new two-photon polarization correlation experiment for realizing the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm (EPRB) state and for testing Bell-type inequalities. We use the pair of orthogonally polarized light quanta generated in type-II parametric down-conversion. In a 1 nm bandwidth, we observe from the output of a 0.5 mm \ensuremath{\beta}-${\mathrm{BaB}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ crystal the EPRB correlations in coincidence counts, and measure an associated Bell inequality violation of 22 standard deviations.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.71.3893

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We report a new two-photon polarization correlation experiment for realizing the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm (EPRB) state and for testing Bell-type inequalities. We use the pair of orthogonally polarized light quanta generated in type-II parametric down-conversion. In a 1 nm bandwidth, we observe from the output of a 0.5 mm \ensuremath{\beta}-{\mathrm{BaB}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4} crystal the EPRB correlations in coincidence counts, and measure an associated Bell inequality violation of 22 standard deviations.
We report a new two-photon polarization correlation experiment for realizing the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm (EPRB) state and for testing Bell-type inequalities. We use the pair of orthogonally-polarized light quanta generated in Type 2 parametric down conversion. Using 1 nm interference filters in front of our detectors, we observe from the output of a 0.5mm beta - BaB2O4 (BBO) crystal the EPRB correlations in coincidence counts, and measure an associated Bell inequality violation of 22 standard deviations. The quantum state of the photon pair is a polarization analog of the spin-1/2 singlet state.
A pair of correlated light quanta of 532-nm wavelength with the same linear polarization but divergent directions of propagation was produced by nonlinear optical parametric down conversion. Each light quantum was converted to a definite polarization eigenstate and was reflected by a turning mirror to superpose with the other at a beam splitter. For coincident detection at separated detectors, polarization correlations of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm type were observed. We also observed a violation of Bell's inequality by 3 standard deviations.
A pair of correlated light quanta of 532 nm wavelength with the same linear polarization but divergent directions of propagation was produced by non-linear optical parametric down conversion in a crystal of deuterated potassium di-hydrogen phosphate from a 100 ps duration laser pulse of 266 nm wavelength. Each light quantum was converted to a circular polarization state or a linear polarization state (orthogonal) and was reflected by a turning mirror to superpose with the other at a beam splitter to produce a two-quantum superposition state. For coincident detection of the two light quanta at separated detectors, correlations of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen type for the polarizations have been observed as predicted by our analysis. In preliminary runs with limited bata we have measured a violation of Bell's inequality by three standard deviations. We are planning to extend our experiments to include a truly random delayed choice between two analyser settings at each detector while maintaining a spaoelike separation between the detectors.
We report a Bell state preparation experiment using polarization-entangled photon pairs which are produced by spontaneous parametric down conversion of a 405 nm pulse laser beam inside two orthogonally oriented 0.1 mm beta-barium borate nonlinear crystals with Type-I phased matching. The degree and phase of all four Bell states are easily tunable. With two-photon interference visibilities in excess of 85%, we observe that the Bell parameter S for any of the four Bell states exceeds the classical limit in the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt form of Bell inequality by five standard deviations.
Considering a classical source of light (macroscopic), we propose an experiment, based on the principles of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm correlation, for which one expects to obtain the same polarization correlation coefficient as the one predicted by the quantum theory, when photons are counted in coincidence. The results of a numerical simulation give good ground to believe that the conjectured experiment is reasonable. So, one may argue that the property of light called polarization, that is manifest at any level — microscopic and macroscopic — and which has a precise description in both, the quantum and the classical theories, leads to coincident results under correspondingly similar experimental procedures. Therefore the EPRB correlation is a consequence of that property of light, independently whether it is viewed as constituted by photons or by electromagnetic waves.