Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review A

Generation of squeezed radiation from a free-electron laser

I. Gjaja, Amitava Bhattacharjee

Published Dec 1, 1987• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate that squeezed states of the radiation field in a free-electron laser are possible only in the small gain and inverse regimes. Moreover, in these regimes, the feasibility of generating squeezed radiation is severely constrained by the quantum fluctuations in the initial states of the electron beam.
DOI
10.1103/physreva.36.5486

Related papers

Generation of Squeezed Coherent States via a Free-Electron Laser

Wilhelm Becker, Marlan O. Scully, Muhammad Suhail Zubairy

Spontaneous radiation from a magnetic wiggler or undulator as used in a free-electron laser is shown to be in a squeezed state for a low-density electron beam. It is pointed out that the problem is formally analogous to radiation from a Josephson junction.

Physical Review Letters•Feb 15, 1982•98 citations

Photon statistics and squeezing properties of a free-electron laser

Suranjana Rai, S. Chopra

It is shown that the field emitted by a free-electron laser (FEL) in the low-gain regime exhibits antibunching over a wide range, for an initial Poisson distribution of probability amplitudes. We also investigate the variance of the momentum coordinate, and find the FEL state to be squeezed.

Physical Review A•Oct 1, 1984•8 citations

Photon statistics of a free-electron laser

Wilhelm Becker, Muhammad Suhail Zubairy

A fully quantized theory of the free-electron laser in the small-signal regime is presented which allows for a calculation of the photon statistics. For an initial vacuum, we find photon antibunching if the electron momentum is below resonance. We conjecture that, in general, the free-electron laser preserves coherent states only in the absence of gain.

Physical Review A•Apr 1, 1982•60 citations

Squeezed states and the interaction of electromagnetic waves with plasma

Y. Ben-Aryeh, A. Mann

A theory is developed for the interaction of coherent electromagnetic (EM) radiation with a free electron gas and for the influence of the plasma on the photon statistics of the radiation field. Two important possibilities for generating squeezed states are shown: Squeezed states can be generated by the interaction of a one-mode laser with a plasma in a cavity; squeezed states can be generated by transmitting coherent radiation through the plasma. The maximal squeezing of the radiation obtained in the latter case is equal to the reciprocal of the dielectric constant of the plasma. Inside the plasma the EM field is represented by quasiphotons. Their dispersion relations are derived by using Bogoliubov transformations together with a self-consistency requirement for the motion of the electrons interacting with these quasiphotons. The squeezing processes are found to be strong when the frequency of the radiation is a little above the plasma frequency. By adding a constant magnetic field in the direction of propagation of the EM wave different amounts of squeezing are obtained for right- and left-circularly polarized EM waves.

Physical Review A•Jul 1, 1985•25 citations

Squeezing the quantum fluctuations of light

Gerd Leuchs

This paper is intended to be an introduction to the field of non-classical light. Starting from a pictorial discussion of the properties of the radiation field, examples for the generation and possible applications of squeezed states of the light field are given.

Contemporary Physics•May 1, 1988•33 citations

Steady-state photon statistics of a free-electron laser

Julio R. Gea-Banacloche

The photon statistics of a free-electron laser at steady state are investigated in the classical regime under the assumption of small gain per pass. A Fokker-Planck--type equation is derived for the photon-number distribution. Strong-signal results are presented, together with analytical expressions for the photon-number fluctuations, and the results are compared to the ordinary laser. It is shown that the radiation is not in a Glauber coherent state, and that the intensity fluctuations are classical, i.e., independent of \ensuremath{\Elzxh}.

Physical Review A•Feb 1, 1986•13 citations
A theory is developed for the interaction of coherent electromagnetic (EM) radiation with a free electron gas and for the influence of the plasma on the photon statistics of the radiation field. Two important possibilities for generating squeezed states are shown: Squeezed states can be generated by the interaction of a one-mode laser with a plasma in a cavity; squeezed states can be generated by transmitting coherent radiation through the plasma. The maximal squeezing of the radiation obtained in the latter case is equal to the reciprocal of the dielectric constant of the plasma. Inside the plasma the EM field is represented by quasiphotons. Their dispersion relations are derived by using Bogoliubov transformations together with a self-consistency requirement for the motion of the electrons interacting with these quasiphotons. The squeezing processes are found to be strong when the frequency of the radiation is a little above the plasma frequency. By adding a constant magnetic field in the direction of propagation of the EM wave different amounts of squeezing are obtained for right- and left-circularly polarized EM waves.
The photon statistics of a free-electron laser at steady state are investigated in the classical regime under the assumption of small gain per pass. A Fokker-Planck--type equation is derived for the photon-number distribution. Strong-signal results are presented, together with analytical expressions for the photon-number fluctuations, and the results are compared to the ordinary laser. It is shown that the radiation is not in a Glauber coherent state, and that the intensity fluctuations are classical, i.e., independent of \ensuremath{\Elzxh}.