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Applied Physics Letters

Self-induced transparency with CO2 laser pulses in ammonia gas

C. David, W. M. Clark

Published Sep 15, 1973• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Self-induced transparency effects, namely pulse delay and nonlinear transmission, are observed at two CO2 laser line and Stark-tuned NH3 absorber transition resonances; these are the P(32) CO2 laser line and the asQ(5, 3, 5) NH3 transition with a Stark field of 12.3 kV/cm at 10.7 μm and the R(6) CO2 laser line and the saQ(5, 5, 5) NH3 tuned with a 14.6-kV/cm field at 10.3 μm.

DOI
10.1063/1.1654898

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Self-induced transparency effects, namely pulse delay and nonlinear transmission, are observed at two CO2 laser line and Stark-tuned NH3 absorber transition resonances; these are the P(32) CO2 laser line and the asQ(5, 3, 5) NH3 transition with a Stark field of 12.3 kV/cm at 10.7 μm and the R(6) CO2 laser line and the saQ(5, 5, 5) NH3 tuned with a 14.6-kV/cm field at 10.3 μm.
Self-induced transparency in an absorbing neon discharge has been observed on the nonresonance transition $2{s}_{2}(J=1)\ensuremath{-}2{p}_{4}(J=2)$. Since linearly polarized light pulses excite two dipole moments differing by only 18%, the absorber is virtually nondegenerate and superior in simplicity to molecular absorbers. Light pulses, generated from the output of a cw single-frequency 1.15-\ensuremath{\mu}m He-Ne laser oscillator by a pulsed Ne laser amplifier, were transmitted through the absorber. Comparison of the oscilloscope traces of input and output pulses indicated the occurrence of pulse retardation, peak amplification, and pulse breakup. Complete pulse reshaping to the predicted hyperbolic-secant envelope has been observed. The periodicity of transmission versus pulse power, which provides direct evidence of optical nutation, is in agreement with the results of a pulse-area-pulse-energy model.
Self-induced transparency (SIT) has been observed under the conditions of sharp-line absorption, i.e., with an inhomogeneous absorption width only one-fourth the spectral width of the pulse. A 5-nsec pulse from a 202Hg^{202}\mathrm{Hg}202Hg ii laser intersected perpendicularly an atomic beam of natural rubidium. The beam slits reduced the Doppler absorption width to about 30 MHz. A particular resolved MI{M}_{\mathrm{I}}MI​ transition of 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb was scanned into coincidence with the laser pulse by a 75-KOe magnetic field. With peak absorption depths of 3-6, nonlinear transmission, pulse delays, pulse breakup, and peak amplification were seen and found to be in excellent agreement with sharp-line computer solutions of the Maxwell-Bloch equations. The experimental realization of the sharp-line SIT is of interest because analytical formulas for pulse evolutions are more plentiful and because sharp-line SIT might permit compression of picosecond pulses.
Effect of the SF6 pressure on self-induced transparency (SIT) in SF6 was investigated systematically. The study consists of measuring the shape, width, delay time, and intensity of the transmitted pulse (which is a SIT pulse at low SF6 pressure) as a function of SF6 pressure P. The SIT pulse was induced by the nonlinear interaction of a 20-nsec P(20) CO2 laser pulse with the SF6. A theory which includes the homogeneous broadening mechanism was developed for the pulse delay time. For a stationary propagating pulse, it was found that the pulse delay time is related nonlinearly to Q (the ratio of the transiently energy stored energy density to the rate of change of the energy flux density of the field). From the interpretation of the experimental results, it was concluded that, for P>100 μ, the SF6-SF6 resonant collision makes a significant contribution to the departure from SIT. The effect of level degeneracies associated with the high angular momentum of the involved resonant vibrational states is also discussed.
Self-induced transparency has been studied in detail experimentally for a simple two-level atomic absorption. A Hg II laser pulse is used at resonance with the D1{D}_{1}D1​ line of Rb. This system eliminates many previous experimental problems such as nonuniform wave fronts and degenerate off-resonant absorbers. Nonlinear transmission, pulse delays, pulse breakup, peak amplification, incoherent-decay effects, off-resonance effects, and focusing effects have been observed. Quantitative comparison with theory is obtained by computer solutions which include the incoherent decay and optical-pulse shapes of the Hg-Rb system. Good agreement is obtained with the theory of McCall and Hahn. Pulse compression by an order of magnitude is obtained by focusing in the resonant absorber. The theory predicting preferred pulse widths and velocities proposed by Davidovich and Eberly is discussed and found inappropriate for the Hg-Rb and other similar systems.
This paper gives the details of pulse delay in self-induced transparency in SF6{\mathrm{F}}_{6}F6​ with a CO2{\mathrm{O}}_{2}O2​ laser at 10.5915 \ensuremath{\mu}. Results show that the propagation of intense CO2{\mathrm{O}}_{2}O2​ laser pulses in SF6{\mathrm{F}}_{6}F6​ can be described by self-induced transparency.