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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Magnon-Photon interactions for Quantum Key Distribution

Pradeep K Kumar, Anil Prabhakar

Published Jul 6, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose an implementation of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol using magnon-photon interactions in dielectric waveguides. Starting from the Hamiltonian of spin wave-optical interactions in a symmetric dielectric waveguide, we derive the single-photon transformations that allow us to define two non-orthogonal basis sets, which are isomorphic to polarization basis of single-photon. Implementation of the BB84 and B92 protocols is then straightforward. The principal advantage of our scheme is the higher quantum bit error rate (QBER) (37.5%) compared to polarization-coded scheme (25%) for simple intercept/resend attack. This considerably relaxes the specifications of optical components. Finally, we consider the effect of low conversion efficiency on QBER.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/303/1/012040

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We propose an implementation of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol using magnon-photon interactions in dielectric waveguides. Starting from the Hamiltonian of spin wave-optical interactions in a symmetric dielectric waveguide, we derive the single-photon transformations that allow us to define two non-orthogonal basis sets, which are isomorphic to polarization basis of single-photon. Implementation of the BB84 and B92 protocols is then straightforward. The principal advantage of our scheme is the higher quantum bit error rate (QBER) (37.5%) compared to polarization-coded scheme (25%) for simple intercept/resend attack. This considerably relaxes the specifications of optical components. Finally, we consider the effect of low conversion efficiency on QBER.
We propose the use of spin wave–optical interactions to implement the BB84 and B92 quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. Spin waves couple the transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) optical modes of a waveguide. We derive the interaction Hamiltonian to describe the coupling, and solve the resulting equations to determine the time evolution of quantized TM and TE modes. With a judicious choice of coupling coefficient, a set of four nonorthogonal states-formally equivalent to the set of polarization states of a single photon-can be generated. These states form a conjugate basis suitable as a QKD basis set. The proposed scheme can mitigate any medium-induced polarization fluctuations. The spin wave–optical interactions can be used to implement the BB84 protocol using frequency-coded coherent optical states.
We describe a frequency-coded scheme to implement the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol using spin wave (SW)-optical interactions. The interaction of SWs with optical coherent states allows TE↔TM mode conversion with simultaneous change of frequency and polarization while introducing a phase difference between the two modes. To implement the BB84 protocol, key bits are encoded as relative phases between the TE and TM modes. The proposed scheme offers a higher key rate, due to a modulation frequency as high as 25 GHz, which also relaxes the specifications on the optical filter at the receiver. In addition, SW-optical interactions yield the added security of truly single-sideband modulation.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a potential defense against future quantum attacks that can break traditional encryption algorithms, such as RSA and ECC. The current work is based on the development of the BB84 protocol with the features of utilizing quantum mechanics and eavesdropping detection through signal disturbance. A simulation of the BB84 protocol was built using polarization encoding over a 10 km single-mode optical fiber using OptiSystem software. The system consists of standard telecom equipment, such as a continuous wave laser at a frequency of 193.1 THz, polarization controllers, and single-photon detectors. Both secure and insecure cases were simulated, where an attacker (Eve) had used an intercept-resend attack. The outcome showed significant Bit Error Rate (BER) and Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) increases during attacks, thus proving the protocol's vulnerability to interference. In addition, a special intrusion detection system based on BER was used to identify such anomalies in real-time. The simulation illustrates the feasibility of using QKD in today's optical networks to secure communications.
In this work, we represent the principle of quantum cryptography (QC) that is based on fundamental laws of quantum physics.QC or Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) uses various protocols to exchange a secret key between two communicating parties.This research paper focuses and examines the quantum key distribution by using the protocol BB84 in the case of encoding on the single-photon polarization and shows the influence of optical components parameters on the quantum key distribution.We also introduce Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) to better interpret our results and show its relationship with the intrusion of the eavesdropper called Eve on the optical channel to exploit these vulnerabilities.
The hybrid modulation quantum key distribution(QKD) via single-photon two-qubit states scheme is analyzed,and an improvement scheme is proposed.The input-output model of polarization is established.And the influence of the interferometers on the polarization coding is analyzed.Quantum bit error rate(QBER) of polarization coding caused by the phasic error of fast and slow axes and the alignment error between the basis vectors of polarization and polarization axis is simulated.Furthermore,the stability conditions of polarization are derived on this basis.The QBER of polarization coding can be influenced deeply by the fiber M-Z interferometers.The theoretic analysis reveals that the jitter of polarization state is not only derived from the birefringency,but also derived from coordinate system difference between incident light and fast and slow axes in fiber interferometer.Some necessary conditoins for the QKD via single-photon two-qubit states are given.The simulation show that when ρ and θ are both below 0.2 rad,the polarization QBER is less than 0.015.When ρ and θ are both below 0.4 rad,the polarization QBER is less than 0.06.The polarization QBER of 2%-5% in two-qubit QKD scheme could be accepted as far as the safety upper limit of QBER(11%) is concerned.
We have developed a comprehensive simulator to study the polarization entangled quantum key distribution (QKD) system, which takes various imperfections into account. We assume that a type-II SPDC source using a PPLN-based nonlinear optical waveguide is used to generate entangled photon pairs and implements the BB84 protocol, using two mutually unbiased basis with two orthogonal polarizations in each basis. The entangled photon pairs are then simulated to be transmitted to both parties; Alice and Bob, through the optical channel, imperfect optical elements and onto the imperfect detector. It is assumed that Eve has no control over the detectors, and can only gain information from the public channel and the intercept resend attack. The secure key rate (SKR) is calculated using an upper bound and by using actual code rates of LDPC codes implementable in FPGA hardware. After the verification of the simulation results, such as the pair generation rate and the number of error due to multiple pairs, for the ideal scenario, available in the literature, we then introduce various imperfections. Then, the results are compared to previously reported experimental results where a BBO nonlinear crystal is used, and the improvements in SKRs are determined for when a PPLN-waveguide is used instead.