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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Quantum key distribution using transverse spin wave-optical interactions

Pradeep K Kumar, Anil Prabhakar

Published Feb 10, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe a frequency-coded scheme to implement the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol using spin wave (SW)-optical interactions. The interaction of SWs with optical coherent states allows TE↔TM mode conversion with simultaneous change of frequency and polarization while introducing a phase difference between the two modes. To implement the BB84 protocol, key bits are encoded as relative phases between the TE and TM modes. The proposed scheme offers a higher key rate, due to a modulation frequency as high as 25 GHz, which also relaxes the specifications on the optical filter at the receiver. In addition, SW-optical interactions yield the added security of truly single-sideband modulation.

DOI
10.1117/12.873159

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We describe a frequency-coded scheme to implement the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol using spin wave (SW)-optical interactions. The interaction of SWs with optical coherent states allows TE↔TM mode conversion with simultaneous change of frequency and polarization while introducing a phase difference between the two modes. To implement the BB84 protocol, key bits are encoded as relative phases between the TE and TM modes. The proposed scheme offers a higher key rate, due to a modulation frequency as high as 25 GHz, which also relaxes the specifications on the optical filter at the receiver. In addition, SW-optical interactions yield the added security of truly single-sideband modulation.
We propose the use of spin wave–optical interactions to implement the BB84 and B92 quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. Spin waves couple the transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) optical modes of a waveguide. We derive the interaction Hamiltonian to describe the coupling, and solve the resulting equations to determine the time evolution of quantized TM and TE modes. With a judicious choice of coupling coefficient, a set of four nonorthogonal states-formally equivalent to the set of polarization states of a single photon-can be generated. These states form a conjugate basis suitable as a QKD basis set. The proposed scheme can mitigate any medium-induced polarization fluctuations. The spin wave–optical interactions can be used to implement the BB84 protocol using frequency-coded coherent optical states.
We propose an implementation of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol using magnon-photon interactions in dielectric waveguides. Starting from the Hamiltonian of spin wave-optical interactions in a symmetric dielectric waveguide, we derive the single-photon transformations that allow us to define two non-orthogonal basis sets, which are isomorphic to polarization basis of single-photon. Implementation of the BB84 and B92 protocols is then straightforward. The principal advantage of our scheme is the higher quantum bit error rate (QBER) (37.5%) compared to polarization-coded scheme (25%) for simple intercept/resend attack. This considerably relaxes the specifications of optical components. Finally, we consider the effect of low conversion efficiency on QBER.
Quantum-key distribution enables absolutely secure communication between two parts, making them able to share a secret that will be used in the posterior message encryption.Here we shall report the experimental implementation of an optical qubits transmission system compatible with the BB84 protocol.Photons are prepared and measured by a double-modulation process according with the relative phase of a wavelength-division multiplexed synchronized radiofrequency signal, in the way that the qubits are coded in the optical sidebands.A filtering scheme is applied to further sidebands selection, delivering the qubits to the single-photon detector.
We discuss possible modulation schemes to implement BB84 and B92 quantum key distribution protocols using frequency-coding method. We derive time evolution of quantum states of light in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer based optical intensity modulator. We then show that phase modulator-phase modulator (PM-PM) combination can be used to implement the B92 protocol and intensity modulator-intensity modulator (IM-IM) combination can be used to implement the BB84 protocol. However, the combinations-PM-IM or IM-PM-cannot be used to implement BB84 and B92 protocols using frequency-coding method. Finally, we discuss the security of frequency-coded implementation of B92 protocol.
A quantum key distribution system based on the subcarrier wave modulation method has been demonstrated which employs the BB84 protocol with a strong reference to generate secure bits at a rate of 16.5 kbit/s with an error of 0.5% over an optical channel of 10 dB loss, and 18 bits/s with an error of 0.75% over 25 dB of channel loss. To the best of our knowledge, these results represent the highest channel loss reported for secure quantum key distribution using the subcarrier wave approach. A passive unidirectional scheme has been used to compensate for the polarization dependence of the phase modulators in the receiver module, which resulted in a high visibility of 98.8%. The system is thus fully insensitive to polarization fluctuations and robust to environmental changes, making the approach promising for use in optical telecommunication networks. Further improvements in secure key rate and transmission distance can be achieved by implementing the decoy states protocol or by optimizing the mean photon number used in line with experimental parameters.
Abstract The Quantum Key Distribution protocol can encode a single quantum state and implements an information-theoretically secure key distribution protocol in communication. In the actual QKD experimental system, there are usually two encoding methods which are phase encoding and polarization encoding. Ma et al (Phase-Matching Quantum Key Distribution, Phys. Rev. X., 2018, 83) proposed the phase-matching QKD protocol, which has high transmission and it is an extension of the measurement device independent QKD. This paper successfully gives the polarization scheme of this PM-QKD protocol, the bases in the polarization scheme are arbitrary, and eliminates detector side channel attacks. Furthermore, we give the security analysis and simulation results of the polarization scheme, and compare it with the BB84 protocol. The simulation results show that our protocol is superior to the BB84 protocol in terms of transmission distance under the fixed key rate.