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Chinese Physics Letters

Trapping of Neutral Atoms with a Radio-Frequency Field

Haichao Zhang, Zhang Peng-Fei, Xinping Xu, Han Jiu-Rong, Yuzhu Wang

Published Dec 23, 2004• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Based on the dressed-atom approach, we discuss a two-dimensional (2D) radio-frequency trap for neutral atoms, in which the trap potential derives from the magnetic-dipole transitions among the hyperfine Zeeman sublevels. By adjusting the detuning of the radiation from resonance, the trapping states will be changed predominantly from the bare states of m F g F >0 to other states of m F g F <0, where m F and g F are the quantum numbers of Zeeman sublevels and the Landé factor, respectively. This character contrasts finely with that of a static magnetic trap that can only trap or guide the states of m F g F >0. In comparison to the optical field, the radio-frequency trap eliminates the spontaneous emission heating of the atoms. Unlike other oscillating traps reported in the literature, the configuration of the radio-frequency trap is suitable for realization of a miniature magnetic guide.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/22/1/024

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Based on the dressed-atom approach, we discuss a two-dimensional (2D) radio-frequency trap for neutral atoms, in which the trap potential derives from the magnetic-dipole transitions among the hyperfine Zeeman sublevels. By adjusting the detuning of the radiation from resonance, the trapping states will be changed predominantly from the bare states of m F g F >0 to other states of m F g F <0, where m F and g F are the quantum numbers of Zeeman sublevels and the Landé factor, respectively. This character contrasts finely with that of a static magnetic trap that can only trap or guide the states of m F g F >0. In comparison to the optical field, the radio-frequency trap eliminates the spontaneous emission heating of the atoms. Unlike other oscillating traps reported in the literature, the configuration of the radio-frequency trap is suitable for realization of a miniature magnetic guide.
We propose two kinds of wire configurations fabricated on an atom chip surface for creating two-dimensional (2D) adiabatic rf guide with an inhomogeneous rf magnetic field and a homogenous dc magnetic field. The guiding state can be selected by changing the detuning between the frequency of rf magnetic field and the resonance frequency of two Zeeman sublevels. We also discuss the optimization of loading efficiency and the trap depth and how to decide proper construction when designing an rf atom chip.
We evaluate the impact that nonlinear Zeeman shifts have on resonant radio-frequency (RF) dressed traps in an atom-chip configuration. The degeneracy of the resonance between Zeeman levels is lifted at large intensities of a static field, modifying the spatial dependence of the atomic adiabatic potential. In this context, we find effects that are important for the next generation of atom chips with tight trapping: in particular, that the vibrational frequency of the atom trap is sensitive to the RF frequency and, depending on the sign of the Landé factor, can produce significantly weaker, or tighter trapping when compared to the linear regime of the Zeeman effect. We take 87 Rb as an example and find that it is possible for the trapping frequency on F = 1 to exceed that of the F = 2 hyperfine manifold.
We evaluate the impact that nonlinear Zeeman shifts have on resonant radio-frequency (RF) dressed traps in an atom-chip configuration. The degeneracy of the resonance between Zeeman levels is lifted at large intensities of a static field, modifying the spatial dependence of the atomic adiabatic potential. In this context, we find effects that are important for the next generation of atom chips with tight trapping: in particular, that the vibrational frequency of the atom trap is sensitive to the RF frequency and, depending on the sign of the Landé factor, can produce significantly weaker, or tighter trapping when compared to the linear regime of the Zeeman effect. We take 87 Rb as an example and find that it is possible for the trapping frequency on F = 1 to exceed that of the F = 2 hyperfine manifold.
In this work, the RF-dressed potentials generated using a static magnetic field of a quadrupole trap and various radio frequency (RF) fields have been theoretically investigated for trapping and manipulating of cold atoms in a two-dimensional (2D) geometry. In this scheme, the RF fields of some particular polarizations and phases are shown to give rise to some novel static and time-dependent anisotropic two-dimensional potentials that are useful to trap and manipulate the cold atoms in the 2D geometry. The generated time-dependent 2D potentials, rotating on a circular ring, can be used to control the rotation and the oscillation of the cold-atom cloud on the path of the circular ring. The ultracold atoms trapped in these potentials may be used to investigate interesting physics phenomena, such as tunnelling and superfluidity.
We duscuss a resonant microwave trap for neutral atoms. Because of the long spontaneous radiation time this trap is remarkably different from the optical trap. It also has advantages over static magnetic traps that trap the excited spin state of the lowest electronic level, in that atoms predominantly in the spin ground state can be trapped. We analyze the relaxation-ejection lifetime of atoms in such a trap using the formalism of dressed atomic states. Results are appliedi to atomic hydrogen and the possibility of Bose-Einstein condensation is considered.
Electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption of a monochromatic light controlled by a radio frequency field in the cold multi-Zeeman-sublevel atoms are theoretically investigated. These Zeeman sublevels are coupled by a radio frequency (RF) field. Both electromagnetically induced transparency and electromagnetically induced absorption can be obtained by tuning the frequency of RF field for both the linear polarization and elliptical polarization monochromatic lights. When the transfer of coherence via spontaneous emission from the excited state to the ground state is considered, electromagnetically induced absorption can be changed into electromagnetically induced transparency with the change of intensity of radio field. The transparency windows controlled by the RF field can have potential applications in the magnetic-field measurement and quantum information processing.