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arXiv:1404.1210 · Journal of the Korean Physical Society

Anisotropic two-dimensional RF-dressed potentials for ultracold atoms

A. Chakraborty, Satya Ram Mishra

Published Nov 1, 2014• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this work, the RF-dressed potentials generated using a static magnetic field of a quadrupole trap and various radio frequency (RF) fields have been theoretically investigated for trapping and manipulating of cold atoms in a two-dimensional (2D) geometry. In this scheme, the RF fields of some particular polarizations and phases are shown to give rise to some novel static and time-dependent anisotropic two-dimensional potentials that are useful to trap and manipulate the cold atoms in the 2D geometry. The generated time-dependent 2D potentials, rotating on a circular ring, can be used to control the rotation and the oscillation of the cold-atom cloud on the path of the circular ring. The ultracold atoms trapped in these potentials may be used to investigate interesting physics phenomena, such as tunnelling and superfluidity.

DOI
10.3938/jkps.65.1324

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In this work, the RF-dressed potentials generated using a static magnetic field of a quadrupole trap and various radio frequency (RF) fields have been theoretically investigated for trapping and manipulating of cold atoms in a two-dimensional (2D) geometry. In this scheme, the RF fields of some particular polarizations and phases are shown to give rise to some novel static and time-dependent anisotropic two-dimensional potentials that are useful to trap and manipulate the cold atoms in the 2D geometry. The generated time-dependent 2D potentials, rotating on a circular ring, can be used to control the rotation and the oscillation of the cold-atom cloud on the path of the circular ring. The ultracold atoms trapped in these potentials may be used to investigate interesting physics phenomena, such as tunnelling and superfluidity.
We present a method for the creation of closed-loop lattices for ultra-cold atoms using dressed potentials. We analytically describe the generation of trap lattices that are state-dependent with dynamically controlled lattice depths and positioning. In a design akin to a synchronous motor, the potentials arise from the combination of a static, ring-shaped quadrupole field and multipole radio-frequency fields. Our technique relies solely on static and radio-frequency (rf) magnetic fields, enabling the creation of robust atom traps with simple control via rf amplitudes and phases. Potential applications of our scheme span the range from quantum many-body simulations to guided Sagnac interferometers.
We have investigated the atom trapping geometry for trapping of 87Rb^{87}{Rb}87Rb atoms in a radio-frequency (rf) dressed potential generated after superposing a strong linearly polarized rf-field on a static magnetic trap. For this, laser cooled atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) in an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chamber (pressure ∼\sim∼ 1.5 ×\times× 10−1010^{-10}10−10 Torr) were trapped in a quadrupole magnetic trap and evaporatively cooled before transferring them to the rf-dressed potential. The experimentally observed hollow shell type atom trapping geometry has been explained by theoretical modelling of the trapping potential.
Abstract We demonstrate the trapping of cold atoms in a toroidal geometry using a radio frequency (rf) dressed quadrupole magnetic trap formed by superposing a strong rf-field on a quadrupole trap. This rf-dressed quadrupole trap has the minimum potential away from the quadrupole trap centre on a circular path which facilitates trapping in toroidal geometry. In these experiments, the laser cooled atoms were first trapped in a quadrupole trap, then cooled evaporatively using a weak rf-field, and finally trapped in an rf-dressed quadrupole trap. The radius of the toroid could be varied by varying the frequency of the dressing rf-field. It has also been demonstrated that a single rf source and an antenna can be used for the rf-evaporative cooling as well as for the rf-dressing of atoms. The atoms trapped in the toroidal trap may have applications in the realization of an atom gyroscope as well as in studying the quantum gases in low dimensions.
This thesis describes the experimental realisation and characterisation of three non-trivial trapping geometries for ultracold atoms. The double-well, ring and to some degree shell trap are examples of a highly versatile class of traps called time-averaged adiabatic potentials (TAAPs). In this experiment the TAAPs arise from the combination of three independent magnetic fields; a static quadrupole field dressed by a uniform radio-frequency field is time-averaged by a bias field oscillating at in the kHz regime. The result is a very smooth potential, within which ultracold atoms can be evaporatively cooled to quantum degeneracy, and subsequently manipulated into new geometries without destroying the quantum coherence.The vertically offset double-well potential provided the first example of ultracold atoms confined in a TAAP. The same potential is used to demonstrate efficient evaporative cooling across the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) phase transition using only the Landau-Zener loss mechanism. Switching off the time-averaging fields loads atoms from the double-well TAAP into the rf-dressed shell trap. A characterisation of this potential measured low heating rates and lifetimes of up to 58s. With efforts ongoing to increase the trap anisotropy, this potential shows promise for research into the static and rapidly rotating 2D systems. In the presence of a single time-averaging field, the shell geometry is transformed into a ring-shaped trap with an adjustable radius. The ring trap can be controllably tilted and progress towards multiply connected condensates is being made. A rotation scheme to spin up atoms in the ring trap has been demonstrated, presenting the opportunity to investigate the dynamics of superflow in degenerate quantum gases.
The manipulation of ultracold atoms in radio-frequency (RF)-dressed potentials offers unique advantages over static magnetic traps, such as the ability to create more complex potential landscapes, better control of atomic states, and increased robustness to environmental noise. Among the accessible geometries, ring traps are particularly promising for atomic Sagnac interferometers, which can be used to measure rotational motion with high sensitivity. Here, the authors demonstrate the state-dependent transport of atoms in an RF-dressed ring trap on an atom chip. By exploiting the polarization-dependent coupling of RF fields to different atomic hyperfine states, the authors achieve controlled transport of atoms in opposite directions. This approach targets the development of compact, high-precision devices for applications in inertial navigation and rotation sensing.
A combination of static and oscillating magnetic fields can be used to 'dress' atoms with radiofrequency (RF), or microwave, radiation.The spatial variation of these fields can be used to create an enormous variety of traps for ultra-cold atoms and quantum gases.This article reviews the type and character of these adiabatic traps and the applications which include atom interferometry and the study of low-dimensional quantum systems.We introduce the main concepts of magnetic traps leading to adiabatic dressed traps.The concept of adiabaticity is discussed in the context of the Landau-Zener model.The first bubble trap experiment is reviewed together with the method used for loading it.Experiments based on atom chips show the production of double wells and ring traps.Dressed atom traps can be evaporatively cooled with an additional RF field, and a weak RF field can be used to probe the spectroscopy of the adiabatic potentials.Several approaches to ring traps formed from adiabatic potentials are discussed, including those based on atom chips, time-averaged adiabatic potentials and induction methods.Several proposals for adiabatic lattices with dressed atoms are also reviewed.