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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Quantum identity authentication based on secret transmitting order of particles

Shan-shan Huang, Jun Li, Yue Li, Yu Liu

Published Oct 26, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A secure quantum identity authentication protocol by employing the mechanism of the secret transmitting order scheme via the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs is proposed. With the help of a certificated authority, two legitimate users can faithfully accomplish the authentication and distribute the quantum key simultaneously. Investigation on security of our protocol is also provided which shows the protocol remains robust when confronted with series typical individual attacks. During the protocol, no local operation and classical communication is applied.

DOI
10.1117/12.755819

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A secure quantum identity authentication protocol by employing the mechanism of the secret transmitting order scheme via the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs is proposed. With the help of a certificated authority, two legitimate users can faithfully accomplish the authentication and distribute the quantum key simultaneously. Investigation on security of our protocol is also provided which shows the protocol remains robust when confronted with series typical individual attacks. During the protocol, no local operation and classical communication is applied.
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A theoretical scheme for multi-user quantum authentication and key distribution in a network is proposed. Similar to the authentication architecture of the netw ork in classical cryptography, a distributed client/server architecture with the shared Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR) entangled pairs between each user and his t rusted server used for the authentication and key distribution is proposed. Base d on this architecture, any-to-any multi-user quantum authentication and key dis tribution is realized. The trusted server only provides the authentication betwe en users and swaps the entanglement between the particles so as to entangle the particles of the two users who want to communicate secretly. The key generation is performed by the requesting user. Each user in a network only shares Einstein -Podolsky-Rosen entangled pairs with the trusted server and communicates with th e trusted server through the classical channel and quantum channel. Users need n ot share EPR entangled pairs with each other so that the number of EPR pairs in the network is reduced from O(n2) to O(n).
A lot of authenticated quantum dialogue protocols are springing up. Many of them have the problem of information leakage, or suffer from Man-In-The-Middle attack. Some protocols can guarantee security, but have relatively low efficiency. Based on the above situation, we present a novel authenticated quantum dialogue protocol by using Bell states and entanglement swapping. In this protocol, we adopt Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs to detect eavesdropping and transmit secret messages. We employ polarized photons to achieve authentication of users' identity information. Compared with other quantum dialogue schemes with authentication, our protocol has several advantages. The transmitted particles are passed once and do not carry any secret messages. The proposed protocol can overcome the drawback of information leakage and resist against typical attacks. The efficiency is acceptable.
The security of the previous quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, which is guaranteed by the nature of physics law, is based on the legitimate users. However, impersonation of the legitimate communicators by eavesdroppers, in practice, will be inevitable. In fact, the previous QKD protocols is unsecure without authentication in practical communication. In this paper, we proposed an improved QKD protocol that can simultaneously distribute the quantum secret key and verify the communicators' identity. This presented authentication scheme is provably secure.
We present a quantum secure direct communication scheme achieved by swapping quantum entanglement. In this scheme a set of ordered Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs is used as a quantum information channel for sending secret messages directly. After insuring the safety of the quantum channel, the sender Alice encodes the secret messages directly by applying a series local operations on her particles sequence according to their stipulation. Using three EPR pairs, three bits of secret classical information can be faithfully transmitted from Alice to remote Bob without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. By both Alice and Bob's GHZ state measurement results, Bob is able to read out the encoded secret messages directly. The protocol is completely secure if perfect quantum channel is used, because there is not a transmission of the qubits carrying the secret message between Alice and Bob in the public channel.