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Le Journal de Physique Colloques

THE EFFECT OF ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS ON THE 7F0↔5D0 TRANSITION OF BaClF : Sm2+ USING PHOTON-GATED HOLEBURNING

R. M. Macfarlane, Robert M. Shelby, Albrecht Winnacker

Published Oct 1, 1985• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new mechanism of spectral holeburning by 2-step photoionization ("photon-gated" holeburning) has recently been demonstrated. In BaClF : Sm2+, this leads to permanent spectral holes 25 MHz wide which we have used to measure small linear Stark and nonlinear Zeeman coefficients of the 7F0↔5D0 transition of Sm2+. The Zeeman coefficients agree within 4% with those calculated assuming free ion 4f6 wave functions for 7F0 and 5D0.

DOI
10.1051/jphyscol:1985796

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We have observed photon-gated spectral hole burning, i.e., hole burning that occurs only in the presence of an additional gating-light source. Gating enhancement factors of 10(4) were observed. In BaClF:Sm(2+) this involves two step photoionization of Sm(2+) and leads to persistent holes in the (4)F(0) --> (5)D(0) (687.9-nm) and (7)F(0) --> (5)D(1) (629.7-nm) absorption lines. The hole widths of 25 MHz at 2 K are much narrower than the inhomogeneous broadening of 16 GHz. The action spectrum of the gating shows a threshold behavior around 2.5 eV. Erasing studies show that Sm(3)+ acts as a trap for the released electrons. A remarkable and novel feature is that the holes can be recovered after temperature cycling to 300 K.

Optics Letters•Jul 1, 1985•234 citations
A new mechanism of spectral holeburning by 2-step photoionization ("photon-gated" holeburning) has recently been demonstrated. In BaClF : Sm2+, this leads to permanent spectral holes 25 MHz wide which we have used to measure small linear Stark and nonlinear Zeeman coefficients of the 7F0↔5D0 transition of Sm2+. The Zeeman coefficients agree within 4% with those calculated assuming free ion 4f6 wave functions for 7F0 and 5D0.
Spectral hole burning in solids is a selective bleaching of a small portion of an inhomogeneously broadened optical transition by a laser. In the photon gated holeburning process spectral holes are burned in two steps. The first is provided by a narrow band laser resonant with the inhomogeneously broadened transition and the second (gating) can be initiated by a broad band light source. Photon gated spectral hole burning was reported recently in 7F0→5D0 and 7F0→5D1 absorption lines of Sm2+ in BaClF(1). In this poster we report on the spectral holeburning behaviour of 1F0→5D2 transition. We found that even in absence of additional light source for gating, permanent holes can be burned. This self gating behaviour is consistent with the observation that the optimum frequency following 5D0 excitation is ≈ 22 000cm-1 so that two photons of energy 5D2 - 7F0 are sufficient to produce photoionisation. We have analysed the light intensity dependance of hole area and a simple model indicate that the electron transfer following the photoionisation is strongly dependant on the ion - electron trap distance.
The recently demonstrated process of photon-gated spectral hole burning has been used to measure the small frequency shifts necessary for the determination of linear Stark and nonlinear Zeeman coefficients of the 4f6{f}^{6}f6 7{}^{7}7F0{F}_{0}F0​A1{A}_{1}A1​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{}^{5}5D0{D}_{0}D0​A1{A}_{1}A1​, 5D1^{5}\mathrm{D}_{1}5D1​A2{\mathrm{A}}_{2}A2​, and 5D1^{5}\mathrm{D}_{1}5D1​E transitions of Sm2+{\mathrm{Sm}}^{2+}Sm2+ in BaClF. The nonlinear Zeeman coefficients obtained in this way agree, to better than 12%, with those calculated assuming free-ion 4f6{f}^{6}f6 wave functions for Sm2+{\mathrm{Sm}}^{2+}Sm2+. The Stark splitting coefficients (0.068--0.074 MHz/V ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$) are smaller than the few previously reported for fn{f}^{n}fn\ensuremath{\rightarrow}fn{f}^{n}fn transitions of rare-earth ions.
Persistent spectral hole burning has been observed in CaF(2):Sm(2+) and originates from photoionization of the Sm(2+) ion. This represents a new class of persistent hole-burning materials. We have used hole burning to measure the nonlinear Zeeman effect of the (7)F(0)A(1g) ? A(1u) transition at 695.8 nm with a resolution of ~100 MHz. We find a nonlinear coefficient of 0.93 Hz/G(2), which is close to the value of 1.0 Hz/G(2) calculated for the (7)F(0)-(7)F(1) interaction. This shows that the dominant contribution to the nonlinear Zeeman effect comes from the ground state.
In Sm2+ doped alkline earth halides, hole burning process is two step photoionization of Sm2+ following electron trapping [1]. The first step is using burning laser to excite electron of Sm2+ from the ground state 7F0 to the excited energy level 5DJ. The second step is using gating laser to excite the electron from the 5DJ level to the conduction band, where the free electron will be captured either by trap or by the ionized Sm2+ ion again. The overall process depends on the factors: excitation rate, the trapping rate and the recombination rate.
We have observed photon-gated spectral hole burning, i.e., hole burning that occurs only in the presence of an additional gating-light source. Gating enhancement factors of 10(4) were observed. In BaClF:Sm(2+) this involves two step photoionization of Sm(2+) and leads to persistent holes in the (4)F(0) --> (5)D(0) (687.9-nm) and (7)F(0) --> (5)D(1) (629.7-nm) absorption lines. The hole widths of 25 MHz at 2 K are much narrower than the inhomogeneous broadening of 16 GHz. The action spectrum of the gating shows a threshold behavior around 2.5 eV. Erasing studies show that Sm(3)+ acts as a trap for the released electrons. A remarkable and novel feature is that the holes can be recovered after temperature cycling to 300 K.