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International Journal of Quantum Chemistry

Exact quantum solutions of general driven time‐dependent quantum quadratic system

Kaimin Fan, Yujun Zheng, Weiyi Ren, Shiliang Ding

Published Nov 28, 2006• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We studied the general time‐dependent linear and quadratic system via dynamical symmetries. In an algebraic framework, we obtained exact solutions of the evolution operators, propagators, and wave functions of the general time‐dependent linear and quadratic system. To illustrate our calculations, we discuss a few special cases, including a particle driven by a monochromatic electric field, and cases of oscillatory, linear, or monotonic with respect to the time of the quadratic system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007

DOI
10.1002/qua.21262

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Abstract We studied the general time‐dependent linear and quadratic system via dynamical symmetries. In an algebraic framework, we obtained exact solutions of the evolution operators, propagators, and wave functions of the general time‐dependent linear and quadratic system. To illustrate our calculations, we discuss a few special cases, including a particle driven by a monochromatic electric field, and cases of oscillatory, linear, or monotonic with respect to the time of the quadratic system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
A generalization of a driven harmonic oscillator with time-dependent mass and frequency, by adding total time-derivative terms to the Lagrangian, is considered. The generalization, which gives a general quadratic Hamiltonian system, does not change the classical equation of motion. Based on the observation by Feynman and Hibbs, the propagators (kernels) of the systems are calculated from the classical action, in terms of solutions of the classical equation of motion: two homogeneous solutions and one particular solution. The kernels are then used to find wave functions that satisfy the Schr\"odinger equation. One of the wave functions is shown to be that of a Gaussian pure state. In every case considered, we prove that the kernel does not depend on the way of choosing the classical solutions, while the wave functions depend on the choice. The generalization, which gives a rather complicated quadratic Hamiltonian, is simply interpreted as applying unitary transformation to the driven harmonic oscillator system in the Hamiltonian formulation.
We use the evolution operator method to describe time-dependent quadratic quantum systems in the framework of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. For simplicity, we consider a free particle with a variable mass M(t), a particle with a variable mass M(t) in an alternating homogeneous field, and a harmonic oscillator with a variable mass M(t) and frequency ω(t) subject to a variable force F(t). To construct the evolution operators for these systems in an explicit disentangled form, we use a simple technique to find the general solution of a certain class of differential and finite-difference nonstationary Schrödinger-type equations of motion and also the operator identities of the Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff type. With known evolution operators, we can easily find the most general form of the propagators, invariants of any order, and wave functions and establish a unitary relation between systems. Results known in the literature follow from the obtained general results as particular cases.
In this paper we generalize Wang's approach [J. Phys. A 20, 5041 (1987)] and investigate the algebraic structure of the Schr\"odinger equation associated with a general driven time-dependent oscillator. Using the Lie-algebraic technique we obtain an exact form of the time-evolution operator which, in turn, enables us to derive the propagator of the system readily. Since the propagator is for the most general time-dependent oscillator, results for any special case can be easily deduced from it. These results will be useful for future studies in quantum optics as well as in atomic and molecular physics.