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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Active chromatic control and resonant improvement on the transverse-phase-modulation-induced group delay of light

Bo Fang, Lei Xu, Jie Wang, Guoquan Zhang, Jingjun Xu

Published Nov 29, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we reviewed the theoretical and experimental studies on the manipulation of the group delay of light based on the transverse phase modulation effect induced by a Gaussian beam. We introduced the basic theory of slow and fast lights in a thin nonlinear material based on the transverse phase modulation effect. We introduced a simple but effective technique to actively and chromatically control the group velocity of light at arbitrary wavelength, therefore, eliminating the requirements on the optical nonlinearity and the photonic resonance at the signal wavelength. Furthermore, a technique to improve the transverse-modulation-induced relative delay of light in nonlinear media through the combination of an optical nonlinearity and a resonant Fabry-Perot cavity was introduced and theoretically demonstrated in ruby as an example. The introduction of a resonant Fabry-Perot cavity can improve the relative delay by orders of magnitude. The techniques of active chromatic manipulation and resonant improvement of the group delay of light may have potential applications in optical information processing and optical communication network.

DOI
10.1117/12.2001191

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In this paper, we reviewed the theoretical and experimental studies on the manipulation of the group delay of
light based on the transverse phase modulation effect induced by a Gaussian beam. We introduced the basic
theory of slow and fast lights in a thin nonlinear material based on the transverse phase modulation effect.
We introduced a simple but effective technique to actively and chromatically control the group velocity of light
at arbitrary wavelength, therefore, eliminating the requirements on the optical nonlinearity and the photonic
resonance at the signal wavelength. Furthermore, a technique to improve the transverse-modulation-induced
relative delay of light in nonlinear media through the combination of an optical nonlinearity and a resonant
Fabry-Perot cavity was introduced and theoretically demonstrated in ruby as an example. The introduction of
a resonant Fabry-Perot cavity can improve the relative delay by orders of magnitude. The techniques of active
chromatic manipulation and resonant improvement of the group delay of light may have potential applications
in optical information processing and optical communication network.
A novel method is proposed to generate slow and fast lights at arbitrary signal wavelength in benzocyclobutene (BCB) polymer, which eliminates the requirement on the optical nonlinearity or the resonant effect at the signal wavelength with the help of the thermo-optic nonlinear effect induced by a control beam at a different but fixed wavelength. The signal group velocity can be precisely tuned simply by scanning the position of the BCB sample along the light propagation direction. Another advantage is the ability to control chromatically the group velocity of the signal beam by adjusting the control beam in the BCB sample, which, in essence, is to control the refractive index change experienced by the signal beam. This method provides an active chromatic control on the group velocity of light at arbitrary signal wavelength and therefore may have important potential applications in optical communication network and optical information processing.
Over the past few years, researchers have directed a significant amount of effort towards realizing tunable all-optical devices using nonlinear optical methods. It is now possible to exercise dynamic control of the group velocity of light traveling through a wide variety of material systems. The slow and fast light refer to situations in which the group velocity íg of an optical pulse through a dispersive material can be made to be smaller and larger, respectively, than the phase velocity vp = c/n. This ability could overcome the remaining challenge in current optical networks of storing and manipulating an optical signal directly in optical domain so as to avoid a bottleneck due to optical-to-electrical (O/E) and electrical-to-optical (E/O) conversions. The overall purpose of the dissertation is to study novel slow-light systems that provide controlled generation of large pulse delays relative to the pulse width with minimal pulse shape distortion by optimally design resonance profiles of such systems. The system design studies utilize several measures of performance such as the fractional delay, power throughput, and signal distortion under the limited system resource constraints. To this end, powerful data fidelity metrics are required to quantify the performance of tunable delay devices. Here, a new framework for measuring an information velocity and throughput is described and implemented using Shannon mutual information concepts. This new technique is used to investigate trends, trade-offs, and limits in slow light devices, which are physically sensible and in good agreement with analyses obtained using a conventional eye-opening(EO) metric. Using these information-theoretic and/or conventional metrics, we present the quantifying performance of gain-based stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) system in optical fibers as well as optical passive devices such as Fabry-Perot, fiber Bragg gratings, and ring resonators. It is shown that combining the SBS gain medium with these passive devices can compensate their respective disadvantages and thus increase delay performance without using additional resource of SBS pump power. The results show the possibility of achieving a fractional delay up to 10 at a signal bandwidth up to tens of GHz.
We have used a heterodyne Z-scan technique to produce both superluminal and slow light propagation in media that present either thermal or Kerr nonlinearities. The sample position determines the magnitude and sign of the group velocity and this property was used to control it, with an experimental setup much simpler than those previously reported in similar investigations. The observed effect is attributed to the transverse phase modulation produced by a focused Gaussian beam, and is capable of producing both positive and negative group velocities in the range 1.5 m/s < |upsilon(g)| < c.
Abstract We theoretically analyze the transmission characteristics of a magnon–photon coupling system based on ultrastrong optomechanical-like coupling via the cross-Kerr interaction. We use the definition of group delay to characterize the fast and slow light effects. It is found that the group delay of our system can be significantly improved by two to three orders of magnitude compared to previous studies in magnon–photon coupling systems, which means slow light effect can be significantly enhanced. By adjusting the driving power and frequency detuning of the microwave cavities, the magnitude and bandwidth of the group delay and transmittance can be adjusted precisely. Moreover, frequency control of slow light can be achieved by manipulating the strength of magnetic field. The influence of the cross-Kerr coupling strength of cavities on the system is also discussed in detail. The group delay of the system is close to milliseconds, while the transmittance is greatly improved. The result from this paper hopes to bring new development possibilities for the fabrication of optical memory and the construction of all-optical networks.
We proposed and experimentally demonstrated an extremely simple and feasible slow-light technique to achieve tunable optical delay by using the Er/Yb codoped fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The signal light experiences strong dispersion when it is launched into the reflection edge of FBG, and the group delay value is determined by the signal wavelength and the pump power. In the experiment, a controllable delay of 0.9 ns can be obtained through changing the 980 nm pump power. The group velocity can be slowed down to 5.6x10(7) m/s, which is 19% of the speed of light in free space. It provides a very simple approach to control the light group delay, which is likely to have important implications for practical applications.
We show theoretically that, based on the dispersive phase coupling effect during the wave mixing process, both slow and fast light can be achieved in GaAs–AlGaAs photorefractive multiple quantum wells (PRMQWs) films applied with a transverse direct-current electric field. The general formula for the group velocity of the diffracted beams in the Raman–Nath regime during the wave mixing process in a nonlinear thin film is derived and is then applied to the case of the PRMQWs films in the transverse geometry. The simulation results in the transverse-geometry PRMQWs films show that the group velocity and bandwidth of slow light can be on the order of centimeter per second and 100 kHz, respectively. The extremely low group velocity and the relatively broad bandwidth are mainly originated from the strong quadratic electro-optic effect and the fast response rate of the PRMQWs films, respectively. Our results show that the delay-bandwidth product of slow light can be significantly improved in PRMQWs films as compared to the reported results in other photorefractive materials.