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Optics and Spectroscopy

Effect of the pressure of light on the shape of saturated-absorption resonance in a gas

А. А. Черненко, A. V. Shishaev

Published Sep 1, 2002• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The effect of a force of resonance pressure of light on the amplitude and frequency properties of saturated-absorption resonance in a gas of two-level atoms was studied. On the basis of numerical solutions of the Liouville and Fokker-Planck equations, dynamics of changes in the velocity-distribution function of an ensemble of atomic particles, depending on the saturation parameter and time of their interaction with a strong field of light, was evaluated. The shape of a resonance line, related to saturated absorption, and its location relative to the frequency of the atomic transition were determined taking into account the dynamics of the distribution function. The results of the calculations are compared with the experimental data.

DOI
10.1134/1.1509816

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The effect of a force of resonance pressure of light on the amplitude and frequency properties of saturated-absorption resonance in a gas of two-level atoms was studied. On the basis of numerical solutions of the Liouville and Fokker-Planck equations, dynamics of changes in the velocity-distribution function of an ensemble of atomic particles, depending on the saturation parameter and time of their interaction with a strong field of light, was evaluated. The shape of a resonance line, related to saturated absorption, and its location relative to the frequency of the atomic transition were determined taking into account the dynamics of the distribution function. The results of the calculations are compared with the experimental data.
We report the results of studying the effect of the resonant light pressure force on the amplitude and frequency properties of the nonlinear susceptibility and well known absorption resonance dip occurring in optical saturation spectroscopy of two level atomic gas. On the basis of numerical solutions of the Liouville and Fokker-Plank equations the behaviour pattern of the velocity distribution function of a two-level atomic gas in relation to the saturation intensity and time of interaction with a strong resonant optical field was obtained. Time course of the velocity distribution function due to the action of spontaneous light pressure force leads to modification of the nonlinear susceptibility, absorption saturation resonant line form and to change of frequency dip relative to the atomic resonant frequency transition. The represented numerical modeling results explained qualitatively a number ofexperimental facts, that could not be explained before.
Anomalous behavior of the shape of saturated absorption resonance on the transition 1 s 5 → 2 p 8 ( J =2→ J =2) in the Ne atom is experimentally observed. The shape of the saturation resonance on transitions with degenerate excited states of atoms is analyzed numerically and the reasons for the anomalous behavior of the resonance shape and the formation of its doublet spectral structure are established. The effect of the resonance light pressure on the amplitude and frequency properties of resonance is investigated. It is shown that the asymmetry of the doublet splitting of the resonance is associated with the effect of resonance light pressure.
Anomalous behavior of the saturated absorption resonance line shape on the $1\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{s}_{5}\ensuremath{-}2\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{p}_{8}(J=2\ensuremath{-}J=2)$ transition in the Ne atom is experimentally observed. The shape of the saturation resonance on transitions with degenerate excited states of atoms is numerically analyzed. The reasons and conditions for the anomalous behavior of the resonance line shape and the formation of its doublet spectral structure are established. The influence of the resonant light pressure force on the amplitude and the frequency properties of the saturated resonance is investigated. It is shown, that the asymmetry of the doublet splitting of the resonance is caused by the effect of resonant light pressure.
A theoretical investigation is made of the force acting on a two-level atom under conditions of saturation in the field of counterpropagating amplitude- and frequency-modulated waves of different intensities, which are in resonance with an atomic transition. It is shown that the resultant induced optical pressure (due to preferential absorption of light of one of the waves and subsequent stimulated emission in the form of the other wave) depends linearly on the correlation function of the amplitude of the field of one of the waves and on the rate of change of the amplitude of the other wave, and also on the correlation function of the phase of one of the waves and the rate of change of the phase of the other wave at the point where the atom is located.
The saturated absorption resonance in an atomic gas in the field of counterpropagating light waves with an arbitrary elliptical polarization is investigated. A conclusion about the peculiarities of the resonance shape is drawn from a general analysis of the symmetry of the problem. In particular, a new effect has been found: the polarization parameters of the light waves can lead to an asymmetry and shift of the resonance. These conclusions are corroborated by an approximate analytical solution for the F g = 1 → F e = 2 transition and by numerical calculations. Apart from their fundamental importance, the results obtained can have important applications in metrology (frequency and time standards).
An important problem in saturated absorption spectroscopy is discussed: the width of a nonlinear absorption resonance in a low-pressure gas in a standing wave field. It is shown that the results reported by A.N. Titov et al. are incorrect. These authors stated that at weak saturations the resonance width is of the order of the reciprocal transit time of an atom traveling at the thermal velocity across a light beam. The specific source of the error is indicated, which is an incorrect mathematical treatment of the correct initial equations. It is also shown that the saturated absorption line profile in the transit limit is almost independent of the laser field configuration.