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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Transit effects in saturated absorption resonances

E. V. Baklanov, B Ya Dubetskiĭ

Published Jul 31, 1988• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

An important problem in saturated absorption spectroscopy is discussed: the width of a nonlinear absorption resonance in a low-pressure gas in a standing wave field. It is shown that the results reported by A.N. Titov et al. are incorrect. These authors stated that at weak saturations the resonance width is of the order of the reciprocal transit time of an atom traveling at the thermal velocity across a light beam. The specific source of the error is indicated, which is an incorrect mathematical treatment of the correct initial equations. It is also shown that the saturated absorption line profile in the transit limit is almost independent of the laser field configuration.

DOI
10.1070/qe1988v018n07abeh012309

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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics•Jul 31, 1978•0 citations
An important problem in saturated absorption spectroscopy is discussed: the width of a nonlinear absorption resonance in a low-pressure gas in a standing wave field. It is shown that the results reported by A.N. Titov et al. are incorrect. These authors stated that at weak saturations the resonance width is of the order of the reciprocal transit time of an atom traveling at the thermal velocity across a light beam. The specific source of the error is indicated, which is an incorrect mathematical treatment of the correct initial equations. It is also shown that the saturated absorption line profile in the transit limit is almost independent of the laser field configuration.
An analysis is made of the influence of transit effects on the profile of a two-absorption line of a gas interacting with a standing wave field. It is shown that in the case of a confined light beam the resonance width is governed by the transit times of atoms across the beam. When two light beams separated by a large distance are present, there is an additional resonance line of width which is the reciprocal of the transit time between the beams. This resonance is analyzed allowing for the relaxation of atomic levels.
The review deals with resonance phenomena resulting from saturation of low-pressure-gas absorption lines by a coherent optical field, when the spectral lines are inhomogeneously broadened by the Doppler effect. Principal attention is paid to narrow resonances of width much smaller than the Doppler widths, which are produced upon saturation of the absorption by light waves under various experimental conditions (inside and outside the laser resonator, in traveling and standing waves, in spatially separated waves, etc.), owing to different effects (absorption saturation, mode interaction in the laser). Each of the phenomena is considered from both the theoretical and the experimental points of view. The phenomena considered serve as a basis of a new branch of optical spectroscopy, namely nonlinear laser spectroscopy of ultrahigh resolution.
A theory of saturated absorption resonances is developed for the transit range of pressures of an absorbing gas with an arbitrary degree of saturation. The rate equation approximation is used to obtain expressions for the absorption coefficient in the cases of one traveling wave, weak and strong opposite waves, and a standing wave with a rectangular radial distribution of the intensity. An analytic study is made of the behavior of resonance widths when the saturating field intensities are varied and it is shown that, in particular, at relatively low densities the widths are proportional to the fourth root of the intensity.
It is shown that the interaction of three standing-wave light beams with a low-pressure gas gives rise to a narrow absorption power resonance. The width of this resonance is related to the transit time of gas atoms between the beams. The weak-field case is analyzed. A formula for a Held of arbitrary intensity is obtained for the situation when the dimensions of the beams are much smaller than the distances between them. Numerical calculations are reported of the resonance amplitude and profile. Optimal (in respect of the field intensity) conditions for the observation of the effect are determined. If the distances between the beams are sufficiently large, it should be possible to observe resonances of width equal to the homogeneous width of atomic radiation lines in spite of the considerable field and transit broadening. The possibility of using this power resonance in stabilization of the emission frequency of gas lasers is considered.