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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Quantum beat method with two-photon absorption scheme in hyperfine-structure investigation of highly excited2D j states of alkali metal atoms

Małgorzata Głódź, M Krainska-Miszczak

Published Sep 24, 1993• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In investigations of hyperfine structure (hfs) by the quantum beat method, the two-photon excitation scheme was introduc to4tta a numb of highly excited D states of some alkali metal isotopes ( K, K, Rb and Rb). In the present paper some details of the experimental technique are presented. The values of the magnetic-dipole interaction constant A and the electric-quadrupole interacion constant B, obtained in a series of experiments for the states of interest (6 D312 5/2 of 39K, 62D312 of 41K, l1,122D312 of °5Rb, lO-132D312 and 9-132D512 of 87Rb) are summarized and compared with other results concerning hfs of the D states of the same isotopes. The relatively simple method proved to be quite effective .n extending the measurements of hyperfine interaction constants to highly excited D states of alkali metal atoms.

DOI
10.1117/12.155648

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Measurements of magnetic-dipole and electric-quadrupole interaction constants of the 11, 12 and 132D5/2states in87Rb by the quantum-beat method

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Hyperfine structure in three n 2 D 5/2 states (n=11, 12 and 13) of 87 Rb was investigated by the quantum-beat method in zero magnetic field. The states of interest were excited by two-photon absorption from a single hyperfine substate (with F=1) of the ground state. The magnetic-dipole interaction constant A and the electric-quadrupole interaction constant B were obtained by analysis of the modulation frequencies of the fluorescence signals (transition n 2 D 5/2 -5 2 P 3/2 ). The results (MHz) are as follows: mod A(11 2 D 5/2 ) mod =0.361(7), mod B(11 2 D 5/2 ) mod =0.071(11), mod A(12 2 D 5/2 ) mod =0.266(9), mod B(12 2 D 5/2 ) mod =0.063(14), mod A(13 2 D 5/2 ) mod =0.20(1), mod B(13 2 D 5/2 ) mod =0.05(2). For all the states, A and B differ in sign. The effective lifetimes obtained as a by-product of the experiment are also presented.

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The hyperfine structure of several highly excited $^{2}D$ states in $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ and $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ has been measured. The $D$-state atoms were produced in a two-step-excitation process. In the first step, multiple scattering of the strong alkali-metal ${D}_{1}$ and ${D}_{2}$ lines from an rf lamp was used to excite atoms into the first excited $^{2}P$ levels. The intense tunable radiation from a cw dye laser was used in the second step to transfer $P$-state atoms into highly excited $D$ states. Level-crossing and optical-double-resonance techniques were used for the determination of the absolute values of the hyperfine-interaction constants. The following results (in MHz) were obtained for the magnetic dipole and the electric quadrupole interaction constants $a$ and $b$: For $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$, $|a(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=7.84(5)$, $|b(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=0.53(6)$ ($\frac{b}{a}>0$), $|a(^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=3.6(7)$, $|a(7^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=4.53(3)$, $|b(7^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=0.26(4)$ ($\frac{b}{a}>0$), $|a(7^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=2.2(5)$. For $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$, $|a(8^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=3.98(8)$, $|a(8^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=0.9(4)$, $|a(9^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=2.37(3)$, $|a(9^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=0.5(2)$, $|a(10^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=1.52(3)$, $|a(10^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=0.4(2)$. The $a$ factors generally deviate strongly from the values expected in a one-electron picture of the alkali-metal atom indicating the importance of polarization and correlation effects for these states. For $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ a comparison with a recent calculation including polarization effects is made. The $b$ factors for $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ are the first significant values allowing a calculation of an alkali-metal-atom nuclear quadrupole moment from non-$P$-state data.

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Hyperfine interaction constants and lifetime of the 62D3/2and 62D5/2states of39K measured by the quantum beam method

Małgorzata Głódź, M Krainska-Miszczak

The hyperfine structure and lifetime of the 6 2 D 3/2 and 6 2 D 5/2 states in 39 K are studied experimentally. The states were excited from the ground state by two-photon absorption of the laser light pulses. The hyperfine-structure intervals, and hence the hyperfine-structure interaction constants, were obtained from the numerical analysis of the zero-field quantum beat signals. The unmodulated component of the fluorescence decay curve served to determine the lifetime. In a separate experiment a magnetic field was applied to induce partial decoupling of the electronic and nuclear angular momenta in the 6 2 D states. The sign of the magnetic dipole interaction constants was deduced from the resulting difference between the intensities of sigma + and sigma - polarised fluorescence.

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Spectroscopy of the 85Rb 4 D3/2 state for hyperfine-structure determination

Alisher Duspayev, Georg A. Raithel

Abstract We report a measurement of the hyperfine-structure constants of the 85Rb 4 D 3 / 2 state using two-photon optical spectroscopy of the 5 S 1 / 2 → 4 D 3 / 2 transition. The spectra are acquired by measuring the transmission of the low-power 795 nm lower-stage laser beam through a cold-atom sample as a function of laser frequency, with the frequency of the upper-stage, 1476 nm laser fixed. All 4 hyperfine components of the 4 D 3 / 2 state are well-resolved in the experimental data. The dominant systematic is the light shift from the 1476 nm laser, which is addressed by extrapolating line positions measured for a set of 1476 nm laser powers to zero laser power. The analysis of our experimental data yields both the magnetic-dipole and electric-quadrupole constants for the 85Rb 4 D 3 / 2 level, without using earlier hyperfine measurements of other atomic levels. The respective results, A = 7.419(35) MHz and B = 4.19(19) MHz, are discussed in context with previous works. Our investigation may be useful for optical atomic clocks for precision metrology and emerging atom-based quantum technologies, all-infrared excitation of Rb Rydberg levels, and molecular physics.

arXiv:2305.00265•New Journal of Physics•Aug 25, 2023•5 citations
In investigations of hyperfine structure (hfs) by the quantum beat method, the two-photon excitation scheme was introduc to4tta a numb of highly excited D states of some alkali metal isotopes ( K, K, Rb and Rb). In the present paper some details of the experimental technique are presented. The values of the magnetic-dipole interaction constant A and the electric-quadrupole interacion constant B, obtained in a series of experiments for the states of interest (6 D312 5/2 of 39K, 62D312 of 41K, l1,122D312 of °5Rb, lO-132D312 and 9-132D512 of 87Rb) are summarized and compared with other results concerning hfs of the D states of the same isotopes. The relatively simple method proved to be quite effective .n extending the measurements of hyperfine interaction constants to highly excited D states of alkali metal atoms.
Hyperfine structure in three n 2 D 5/2 states (n=11, 12 and 13) of 87 Rb was investigated by the quantum-beat method in zero magnetic field. The states of interest were excited by two-photon absorption from a single hyperfine substate (with F=1) of the ground state. The magnetic-dipole interaction constant A and the electric-quadrupole interaction constant B were obtained by analysis of the modulation frequencies of the fluorescence signals (transition n 2 D 5/2 -5 2 P 3/2 ). The results (MHz) are as follows: mod A(11 2 D 5/2 ) mod =0.361(7), mod B(11 2 D 5/2 ) mod =0.071(11), mod A(12 2 D 5/2 ) mod =0.266(9), mod B(12 2 D 5/2 ) mod =0.063(14), mod A(13 2 D 5/2 ) mod =0.20(1), mod B(13 2 D 5/2 ) mod =0.05(2). For all the states, A and B differ in sign. The effective lifetimes obtained as a by-product of the experiment are also presented.
The hyperfine structure of several highly excited 2D^{2}D2D states in 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb and 133Cs^{133}\mathrm{Cs}133Cs has been measured. The DDD-state atoms were produced in a two-step-excitation process. In the first step, multiple scattering of the strong alkali-metal D1{D}_{1}D1​ and D2{D}_{2}D2​ lines from an rf lamp was used to excite atoms into the first excited 2P^{2}P2P levels. The intense tunable radiation from a cw dye laser was used in the second step to transfer PPP-state atoms into highly excited DDD states. Level-crossing and optical-double-resonance techniques were used for the determination of the absolute values of the hyperfine-interaction constants. The following results (in MHz) were obtained for the magnetic dipole and the electric quadrupole interaction constants aaa and bbb: For 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb, ∣a(62D32)∣=7.84(5)|a(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=7.84(5)∣a(62D23​​)∣=7.84(5), ∣b(62D32)∣=0.53(6)|b(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=0.53(6)∣b(62D23​​)∣=0.53(6) (ba>0\frac{b}{a}>0ab​>0), ∣a(2D52)∣=3.6(7)|a(^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=3.6(7)∣a(2D25​​)∣=3.6(7), ∣a(72D32)∣=4.53(3)|a(7^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=4.53(3)∣a(72D23​​)∣=4.53(3), ∣b(72D32)∣=0.26(4)|b(7^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=0.26(4)∣b(72D23​​)∣=0.26(4) (ba>0\frac{b}{a}>0ab​>0), ∣a(72D52)∣=2.2(5)|a(7^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=2.2(5)∣a(72D25​​)∣=2.2(5). For 133Cs^{133}\mathrm{Cs}133Cs, ∣a(82D32)∣=3.98(8)|a(8^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=3.98(8)∣a(82D23​​)∣=3.98(8), ∣a(82D52)∣=0.9(4)|a(8^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=0.9(4)∣a(82D25​​)∣=0.9(4), ∣a(92D32)∣=2.37(3)|a(9^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=2.37(3)∣a(92D23​​)∣=2.37(3), ∣a(92D52)∣=0.5(2)|a(9^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=0.5(2)∣a(92D25​​)∣=0.5(2), ∣a(102D32)∣=1.52(3)|a(10^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=1.52(3)∣a(102D23​​)∣=1.52(3), ∣a(102D52)∣=0.4(2)|a(10^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=0.4(2)∣a(102D25​​)∣=0.4(2). The aaa factors generally deviate strongly from the values expected in a one-electron picture of the alkali-metal atom indicating the importance of polarization and correlation effects for these states. For 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb a comparison with a recent calculation including polarization effects is made. The bbb factors for 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb are the first significant values allowing a calculation of an alkali-metal-atom nuclear quadrupole moment from non-PPP-state data.
Hyperfine quantum-beat spectroscopy has been utilized in a pump-probe configuration to measure magnetic dipole (A) and electric quadrupole (B) coupling constants in the 3d2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2D3/2{\mathrm{D}}_{3\mathrm{/}2}D3/2​ and 3d2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2D5/2{\mathrm{D}}_{5\mathrm{/}2}D5/2​ levels of three isotopes of potassium. For many of these levels, the largest hyperfine splitting is smaller than the natural width, and so a subnatural linewidth technique is required. In the experiments, the 3d levels are excited on the 4d2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2S1/2{\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}S1/2​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3d2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2Dj{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{j}}Dj​ quadrupole transition with linearly polarized light. Time evolution of the alignment components in the d levels is probed by time-delayed resonant radiation on the 3d2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2Dj{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{j}}Dj​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}9p2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2Pj{\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{j}}Pj​ transitions. Comparison of the excitation rate for two orthogonal relative polarization directions of the pump and probe laser at each delay time permits derivation of a linear polarization degree. This quantity contains beats at the various hyperfine frequencies in the d levels. Fitting the experimentally obtained time dependence to theoretical expressions allows extraction of the hyperfine coupling constants. For the 3d2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2D3/2{\mathrm{D}}_{3\mathrm{/}2}D3/2​ level of 40K^{40}\mathrm{K}40K we obtain A=0.96(4) MHz and B=0.37(8) MHz, indicating a typical precision also obtained for the other levels and isotopes.
The hyperfine structure and lifetime of the 6 2 D 3/2 and 6 2 D 5/2 states in 39 K are studied experimentally. The states were excited from the ground state by two-photon absorption of the laser light pulses. The hyperfine-structure intervals, and hence the hyperfine-structure interaction constants, were obtained from the numerical analysis of the zero-field quantum beat signals. The unmodulated component of the fluorescence decay curve served to determine the lifetime. In a separate experiment a magnetic field was applied to induce partial decoupling of the electronic and nuclear angular momenta in the 6 2 D states. The sign of the magnetic dipole interaction constants was deduced from the resulting difference between the intensities of sigma + and sigma - polarised fluorescence.
Abstract We report a measurement of the hyperfine-structure constants of the 85Rb 4 D 3 / 2 state using two-photon optical spectroscopy of the 5 S 1 / 2 → 4 D 3 / 2 transition. The spectra are acquired by measuring the transmission of the low-power 795 nm lower-stage laser beam through a cold-atom sample as a function of laser frequency, with the frequency of the upper-stage, 1476 nm laser fixed. All 4 hyperfine components of the 4 D 3 / 2 state are well-resolved in the experimental data. The dominant systematic is the light shift from the 1476 nm laser, which is addressed by extrapolating line positions measured for a set of 1476 nm laser powers to zero laser power. The analysis of our experimental data yields both the magnetic-dipole and electric-quadrupole constants for the 85Rb 4 D 3 / 2 level, without using earlier hyperfine measurements of other atomic levels. The respective results, A = 7.419(35) MHz and B = 4.19(19) MHz, are discussed in context with previous works. Our investigation may be useful for optical atomic clocks for precision metrology and emerging atom-based quantum technologies, all-infrared excitation of Rb Rydberg levels, and molecular physics.