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Chinese Physics B

Wavelength dependence four-wave mixing spectroscopy in a micrometric atomic vapour

Yuanyuan Li, Li Li, Zhang Yan-Peng, Bi Si-Wen

Published Sep 1, 2010• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper presents a theoretical study of wavelength dependence four-wave-mixing (FWM) spectroscopy in a micrometric thin atomic vapour. It compares three cases termed as mismatched case I, matched case and mismatched case II for the probe wavelength less, equal and greater than the pump wavelength respectively. It finds that Dicke-narrowing can overcome width broadening induced by Doppler effects and polarisation interference of thermal atoms, and high resolution FWM spectra can be achieved both in matched and mismatched wavelength for many cases. It also finds that the magnitude of the FWM signal can be dramatically modified to be suppressed or to be enhanced in comparison with that of matched wavelength in mismatched case I or II. The width narrowing and the magnitude suppression or enhancement can be demonstrated by considering enhanced contribution of slow atoms induced by atom-wall collision and transient effect of atom-light interaction in a micrometric thin vapour.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/19/9/090702

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This paper presents a theoretical study of wavelength dependence four-wave-mixing (FWM) spectroscopy in a micrometric thin atomic vapour. It compares three cases termed as mismatched case I, matched case and mismatched case II for the probe wavelength less, equal and greater than the pump wavelength respectively. It finds that Dicke-narrowing can overcome width broadening induced by Doppler effects and polarisation interference of thermal atoms, and high resolution FWM spectra can be achieved both in matched and mismatched wavelength for many cases. It also finds that the magnitude of the FWM signal can be dramatically modified to be suppressed or to be enhanced in comparison with that of matched wavelength in mismatched case I or II. The width narrowing and the magnitude suppression or enhancement can be demonstrated by considering enhanced contribution of slow atoms induced by atom-wall collision and transient effect of atom-light interaction in a micrometric thin vapour.
We theoretically investigate dressed-four-wave mixing (dressed-FWM) spectroscopy of rubidium atoms in a micrometric thin vapour. It is found that Dike-narrowing type Autler–Townes (AT) spectroscopy with high resolution can be achieved in a reverse Y-type four-level atomic system due to the phase-conjugated configuration of laser beams and the transient effects of atom–wall collision in the thin vapour. We also show that controllable suppression and enhancement of the dressed-FWM signal due to the evolution of atomic coherence can be obtained by selecting different coupling field intensities at the proper detuning of the probe and the coupling fields. This control of FWM processes can be interpreted by dressed state analysis and probably used in the design of optical switch and the enhancement of FWM processes for frequency conversion.
We theoretically examine thickness and wavelength dependence line-shape of four-wave-mixing (FWM) spectroscopy in micrometric thin atomic vapors whose thickness LLL is assumed to be 10,30,50,80 and 100 μ\muμm respectively. It is found that a narrow centre (Dicke-narrowing) persists for all cases, while wings are broadened as the thickness of the vapor increases or the pump wavelength decreases comparing to the probe wavelength. This type of spectrum is due to the modified velocity distribution and polarization interference from different ensemble of atoms in a confined situation.
We have investigated coexisting four-wave mixing and six-wave mixing (SWM) in ultra-thin, micrometre and long vapour cells. There exists competition between Dicke-narrowing features and polarization interference in the micrometre cell. The oscillation behaviour of SWM signal intensities and linewidths results from destructive interference. With a larger destructive interference, the SWM signal in ultra-thin cells shows a narrow spectrum, in contrast to the long cell case. Due to the Dicke-narrowing features, a narrow spectrum can be obtained, and such spectra can be used for high precision measurements and metrological standards.
Dicke-narrowing effect appears both in doubly dressed electromagnetically induced transparency and singly dressed four-wave-mixing lines due to the contribution of slow atoms resulting from de-excited effects of atom-wall collision and transient behaviour of atoms in a confined system. A robust recipe for high resolution spectroscopy of electromagnetically induced transparency dressed by two fields and four-wave-mixing lines comparable with the cold atoms is achievable in a thin vapour cell in experiments.
Fluorescence spectra of atomic vapours may contain sub-Doppler structure due to the transient behaviour of the light-induced polarization of atoms which have just collided at the wall of the cell containing the vapour. This structure arises in spectra measured in reflection and in emission produced by atoms within a wavelength distance from the entrance window of the cell. Excitation spectra of transmitted light and laterally scattered light are not affected by the atom–wall collisions. Absorption and dispersion of light in an atomic vapour is conventionally described by a complex-valued and frequency-dependent index of refraction. In the presence of atom–wall collisions this theoretical description fails. This report gives an account of how the theory may be modified to include atom–wall collisions; it is assumed that the induced polarization of an atom is lost in such collisions. The modified theory qualitatively describes the experimental results. We review the conventional theory, the modified theory and the experiments featuring sub-Doppler structure related to the transient polarization behaviour.