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Optics and Spectroscopy

Bistability of an optical response of a photonic crystal with a dense resonant medium as a defect

Denis V. Novitsky, S. Yu. Mikhnevich

Published Jun 1, 2008• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Optical characteristics of a system consisting of a photonic crystal with a defect layer of a dense resonant medium described by the modified Bloch equation are considered. Transmission spectra are calculated and regions of existence of bistable optical response of the system are found. It is shown that the effect of internal reflection demonstrated by the dense resonant medium results in variation of reflection and transmission spectra of the photonic crystal and the loop width of the bistable response of the dense resonant medium is determined by the structure of the photonic crystal.

DOI
10.1134/s0030400x08060167

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Optical characteristics of a system consisting of a photonic crystal with a defect layer of a dense resonant medium described by the modified Bloch equation are considered. Transmission spectra are calculated and regions of existence of bistable optical response of the system are found. It is shown that the effect of internal reflection demonstrated by the dense resonant medium results in variation of reflection and transmission spectra of the photonic crystal and the loop width of the bistable response of the dense resonant medium is determined by the structure of the photonic crystal.
We consider the optical response of a one-dimensional photonic crystal with a dense resonant medium as a defect. Using the iteration matrix approach, we calculate the intensity distribution in this structure and the reflection and transmission properties of it. We discuss the influence of photonic crystal on the bistable behavior of a dense resonant medium both within and outside the region of intrinsic optical bistability. Finally we compare our results with the case without taking into account near dipole-dipole interaction.
We study the optical bistable properties in one-dimensional photonic crystal with symmetric structure (AB)N(D)M(BA)N, where A is high refractive index medium, B is low refractive index medium, D is defect layer, N is the number of layer periods at the left and right of the defect layer. M determines the thickness of the defect layer with Kerr medium. First, we analyze mechanisms producing bistability by the structure consisted of a nonlinear layer sandwiched between Bragg reflectors. Then by using the transfer matrix method, we calculate numerically the threshold value of the bistability switching in one-dimensional photonic crystals with structure (AB)N(D)M(BA)N. The investigations show that the number of layer periods (N) and the thickness of the defect layer (M) influence the threshold value of the bistability switching. We confirm the parameter of the bistability switching to produce the lower threshold value.
The optical transfer matrix theory is used to research the transmission characteristics of an one-dimensional photonic crystal.If the defect layer is nonlinear medium which is saturatedly absorbed,the optical bistable properties are studied based on the sensitivity change of incident light transmittivity of nonlinear medium.And the analytical formula related to the input-output of the light intensity is deduced.When the saturated absorption is above a certain value,the optical bistablity will appear in the system.Finally the change law of the incident light threshold value of the optical bistablity is studied.
The subject of the review is the diffraction of an electromagnetic wave on a periodic condensed matter where the Bragg condition is satisfied at the frequency of resonance excited in this medium. The Bragg systems known as resonant photonic crystals in general have been considered, and the propagation, reflection, transmission, and diffraction of electromagnetic radiation in different objects—(I) periodic quantum-well structures near the exciton resonance, (II) optical lattices of atoms cooled in a laser field, and (III) bulk crystals and multilayers with gamma-ray resonance intranuclear transitions—have been described in a unified context. The main attention has been paid to the steady-state linear diffraction, including resonant reflection and transmission, which is the best studied and allows a comparison of the three aforementioned systems with the aim of revealing specific characteristics and common features. A characteristic common property of the considered systems is the suppression of non-radiative channels and an inhomogeneous broadening of the resonance frequency. The second fundamental property of resonant photonic crystals is that the interaction of light with resonant excitation can occur in two regimes depending on the thickness of the sample. In the superradiant regime realized for a small number of resonant layers N (fine structures), the height of the peak and half-width of the reflection spectrum monotonically increase with increasing value of N. With a further increase in N, there occurs a transition to a photonic-crystal regime where the half-width of the reflection spectrum is saturated, which manifests itself in the form of an optical stop band. The theoretical description is illustrated by experimental spectra measured for all three resonant Bragg systems.
The one-dimensional mirror structure photonic crystals,and when the quantum wave equation of photon was applied to one-dimensional photonic crystals were studied by quantum theory method. it could be obtained the quantum transfer matrix,the quantum transmissivity and the quantum reflectivity.The effects of the defect layer number,absorbing and active medium on the quantum transmission properties was studied,which can help to design optical filter,amplifier and attenuator. When the defect layer is inserted,the defect model appears sharp peak. With the addition of defect layer number,the number of defect model increases,and the optic filter of multiple channel can be designed. When adding absorbing medium in the defect layer,the defect model intensity becomes weaken. when adding active medium in the defect layer,the defect model intensity becomes enhanced,so the optic amplifier and attenuator can be designed.
In this paper, a one-dimensional photonic crystal composed of two defect layers with optical gain is considered. We place a nonlinear layer between two defect layers. Using the modified transfer matrix method, the effect of increasing the optical gain on the bistablity threshold is studied in both normal and oblique incidences. Our calculations show that the threshold of bistability decreases with increasing the optical gain. However, increasing the optical gain above a particular value leads to the enhancement of bistability threshold.