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Journal of Jiangsu Polytechnic University

Study of the Bistability of an Absorptive-Type 1D Photonic Crysta

Xianfeng Chen

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The optical transfer matrix theory is used to research the transmission characteristics of an one-dimensional photonic crystal.If the defect layer is nonlinear medium which is saturatedly absorbed,the optical bistable properties are studied based on the sensitivity change of incident light transmittivity of nonlinear medium.And the analytical formula related to the input-output of the light intensity is deduced.When the saturated absorption is above a certain value,the optical bistablity will appear in the system.Finally the change law of the incident light threshold value of the optical bistablity is studied.

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Jul 25, 2008•15 citations
The optical transfer matrix theory is used to research the transmission characteristics of an one-dimensional photonic crystal.If the defect layer is nonlinear medium which is saturatedly absorbed,the optical bistable properties are studied based on the sensitivity change of incident light transmittivity of nonlinear medium.And the analytical formula related to the input-output of the light intensity is deduced.When the saturated absorption is above a certain value,the optical bistablity will appear in the system.Finally the change law of the incident light threshold value of the optical bistablity is studied.
The transmittance of defect mode in one dimension photonic crystals with nonlinear absorptional dielectric materials was deduced by the transfer matrix theory.The intensity enhancement factor of localized light in defect layer had also been obtained,which increases exponentially with the number of layers in a photonic crystal.The numerical calculation shows that a photonic crystal with saturable absorption dielectric materials in the defect layer has the property of bistablility.The threshold of input intensity to bring about bistablility is decided by parameters of refractivity?saturation intensity of defect layer and decreases exponentially with the number of layers in a photonic crystal.
In this paper, a one-dimensional photonic crystal composed of two defect layers with optical gain is considered. We place a nonlinear layer between two defect layers. Using the modified transfer matrix method, the effect of increasing the optical gain on the bistablity threshold is studied in both normal and oblique incidences. Our calculations show that the threshold of bistability decreases with increasing the optical gain. However, increasing the optical gain above a particular value leads to the enhancement of bistability threshold.
We study the optical bistable properties in one-dimensional photonic crystal with symmetric structure (AB)N(D)M(BA)N, where A is high refractive index medium, B is low refractive index medium, D is defect layer, N is the number of layer periods at the left and right of the defect layer. M determines the thickness of the defect layer with Kerr medium. First, we analyze mechanisms producing bistability by the structure consisted of a nonlinear layer sandwiched between Bragg reflectors. Then by using the transfer matrix method, we calculate numerically the threshold value of the bistability switching in one-dimensional photonic crystals with structure (AB)N(D)M(BA)N. The investigations show that the number of layer periods (N) and the thickness of the defect layer (M) influence the threshold value of the bistability switching. We confirm the parameter of the bistability switching to produce the lower threshold value.
The transfer matrix, which represents the dispersive medium's layer, can be rigorously obtained by using Lorentz model and considering boundary conditions. The detailed investigation on polaritons in a symmetric photonic crystal with absorptive type of dispersive medium's layer is presented by adjusting parameters of the dispersive medium's layer. It's found that the absorptive type of dispersive cavity and reinforced dispersive cavity may demonstrate similar properties in normal modes coupling, the homogeneous broadening effect, and the detuning effect. But there exists evident differences in transmitted intensity and frequency shift. Finally, the optical bistability in one-dimensional symmetric photonic crystal both with absorptive type of dispersive medium's layer and with Kerr nonlinear layer is also investigated. It's found that optical bistability threshold of the photonic crystal with dispersive medium layer is a little lower than that of structure without dispersive medium laver.
We designed and manufactured an optical bistability waveguide device based on nonlinear one-dimensional photonic crystal used CdS_xSe_(1-x) doped glass. This kind of semiconductor doped glass has large nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear fast response time. The distribution of refractive index of the nonlinear one-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide satisfies sine function. We obtained the nonlinear photonic crystal waveguide by exposure holography and etching techniques. Length of the photonic crystal waveguide is about 3 mm. The height of the peak-groove of the waveguide is 0.1 μm. According to our design, the center of bandgap of the one-dimensional photonic crystal lies at 514.5 nm while the power density of the incident light, the incident light was reflected by the photonic crystal. When the power density of the incident light increasing, the bandgap is shifting to the direc-tion of short wavelength due to the decreasing of the refractive index with the increasing of the incident power density, so more incident light is transmitted. In experiment, we used an active mode-locking pulse of Ar ion laser as the light source which wavelength is 514.5 nm, repeating frequency is 82 MHz and pulse width is 200 ps. The light beam was coupled into the device by prism with a laser average power of 1.28 W (in the case of nonlinear saturation operation, optimum coupling efficiency is about 6%). Pulse wave forms of incident light and transmitted from sample were recorded in turn by 7 904 oscilloscope. The optical bistability curve of input power density and output one is fitted by computer. We obtained the threshold power density of bistable switch to be 1.60×10~5 W/cm~2 (it is equivalent to average power of 77 mW) and both the rise and fall time are 63 ps. We used the Finite Difference Time Domain Method to obtain the characteristics of the bandgap shift with the incident power density increasing of the nonlinear photonic crystal and calculate the optical bistability curve of this device. In theory, the threshold power density of bistable switch is about 1.40×10~5 W/cm~2 and the switch time is about 50 ps. The theoretical results agree well with the experimental ones. This device is a new and feasible one for optical information process and optical computing in the future.
We consider the optical response of a one-dimensional photonic crystal with a dense resonant medium as a defect. Using the iteration matrix approach, we calculate the intensity distribution in this structure and the reflection and transmission properties of it. We discuss the influence of photonic crystal on the bistable behavior of a dense resonant medium both within and outside the region of intrinsic optical bistability. Finally we compare our results with the case without taking into account near dipole-dipole interaction.