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Frontiers in Optics

Integrated Optics Technology for Ion Trap Based Large-scale Quantum Information Processor

Jungsang Kim, Changsoon Kim, Caleb W. Knoernschild, Bin Liu, Kyle S. McKay

Published Jan 1, 2006• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Realizing ion trap based large-scale quantum information processor requires integrated optics technologies. We design and characterize basic optical beam steering system using micromirrors as a first step towards constructing high-quality functional integrated optics.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2006.fwq5

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Trapped ions are among the most promising platforms for realizing a large-scale quantum information processor. Current progress focuses on integrating optical and electronic components into microfabricated ion traps to allow scaling to large numbers of ion qubits. Most available fabrication strategies for such integrated processors employ monolithic integration of all processor components and rely heavily on CMOS-compatible semiconductor fabrication technologies that are not optimized for the requirements of a trapped-ion quantum processor. In this work, we present a modular approach in which the processor modules, called chiplets, have specific functions and are fabricated separately. The individual chiplets are then combined using heterogeneous integration techniques. This strategy opens up the possibility of choosing the optimal materials and fabrication technology for each of the chiplets, with a minimum amount of fabrication limitations compared to the monolithic approach. Chiplet technology furthermore enables novel processor functionalities to be added in a cost-effective, modular fashion by adding or modifying only a subset of the chiplets. We describe the design concept of a chiplet-based trapped-ion quantum processor and demonstrate the technology with an example of an integrated individual-ion addressing system for a ten-ion crystal. The addressing system emphasizes the modularity of the chiplet approach, combining a surface ion trap manufactured on a glass substrate with a silicon substrate carrying integrated waveguides and a stack of 3D-printed micro-optics, achieving diffraction-limited focal spots at the ion positions.
Recent experimental progress in quantum information processing with trapped ions have demonstrated most of the fundamental elements required to realize a scalable quantum computer. The next set of challenges lie in realization of a large number of qubits and the means to prepare, manipulate and measure them, leading to error-protected qubits and fault tolerant architectures. The integration of qubits necessarily require integrated optical approach as most of these operations involve interaction with photons. In this paper, we discuss integrated optics technologies and concrete optical designs needed for the physical realization of scalable quantum computer.
We present a detailed system design and available technology choices for building a large scale (>>> 100 qubits) ion trap quantum information processor (QIP). The system design is based on technologies that are within reach today, and utilizes single-instruction-on-multiple-data (SIMD) principles to re-use resources that cannot be duplicated easily. The system engineering principles adopted highlight various design tradeoffs in the QIP design and serve as a guideline to find design spaces for a much larger QIP.