Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Fiber gyro with squeezed radiation

H. A. Haus, K. Bergman, Yinchieh Lai

Published Sep 1, 1991• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A pulse-excited Sagnac fiber interferometer can perform squeezing. If this squeezed radiation is injected into a second Sagnac interferometer that is functioning as a fiber gyro that is itself nonlinear, additional unfavorable squeezing occurs in the gyro. By proper phase adjustment of the injected squeezed radiation it is possible to minimize this effect as long as the Sagnac interferometer that is performing the squeezing has a sufficiently large nonlinearity.

DOI
10.1364/josab.8.001952

Related papers

Squeezed soliton fiber gyro

K. Bergman, H. A. Haus, Yinchieh Lai +1 more

Experiments in our laboratory have arrived at squeezing in a pulse-excited fiber ring. The pulse excitation suppresses stimulated Brillouin scattering, and at the low frequencies used for the measurement, which are made possible by the pump separation, guided acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering is ineffective. It is likely that large squeezing can be realized by using solitons in the same fiber-ring configuration, because solitons assure better squeezing phase profiles. These findings encouraged us to "design" a fiber gyro that performs below the standard quantum limit. It consists of two fiber-ring reflectors; the first acts as a squeezer, and the second acts as a Sagnac interferometer. We use the theory of quantization of solitons.1 The pulse injected into the first fiber ring is a sech adjusted so as to travel as a pair of countertraveling solitons in the squeezing ring.2 The ring acts like a Mach-Zehnder interferometer folded back on itself. The pump is reflected from the pump port, and the vacuum port has squeezed vacuum emerging from it. The pump is recycled in the second Sagnac ring to act as the signal for the rotation sensing. The squeezed vacuum from the first ring is injected into the vacuum port of the Sagnac interferometer. Because practical design considerations dictate fiber lengths on the order of 100 m for both rings, the nonlinearity in the Sagnac ring cannot be neglected. It produces its own squeezing but in the wrong phase for detector noise reduction. However, by proper adjustment of the squeezing in both interferometers, it is possible to counteract the harmful squeezing effect in the Sagnac interferometer and still arrive at a net reduction of the detector noise.

Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1990•0 citations

Improving polarization squeezing in Sagnac interferometer configuration using photonic crystal fiber

M. Tacey, Joel Frederick Corney

The greater confinement of light that is possible in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) leads to greater effective nonlinearity, which promises to yield greater quantum squeezing than is possible in standard optical fiber. However, experimental work to date has not achieved improvements over standard fiber. We present a comprehensive numerical investigation of polarization squeezing in PCF in a Sagnac configuration. By including loss, a noninstantaneous Raman response, excess phase-noise, second- and third-order dispersion, and self-steepening, the simulations are able to identify the physical factors that limit current PCF squeezing experiments.

arXiv:1305.0633•Optics Letters•Aug 5, 2013•0 citations

χ^(3) squeezed vacuum generation without a Sagnac interferometer

Luc Boivin, H. A. Haus

We show that an intense linearly polarized pulse propagating in a nonbirefringent fiber squeezes the perpendicularly polarized vacuum f luctuations through cross-phase modulation. Unlike the generation of squeezed vacuum through self-phase modulation, the mechanism discussed here does not require the use of a nonlinear Sagnac interferometer to separate the pump from the squeezed vacuum.

Optics Letters•Jan 15, 1996•16 citations

Polarization squeezing of intense pulses with a fiber-optic Sagnac interferometer

J. Heersink, T. Gaber, Stefan Lorenz +3 more

We report on the generation of polarization squeezing of intense, short light pulses using an asymmetric fiber-optic Sagnac interferometer. The Kerr nonlinearity of the fiber is exploited to produce independent amplitude squeezed pulses. The polarization squeezing properties of spatially overlapped amplitude squeezed and coherent states are discussed. The experimental results for a single-amplitude squeezed beam are compared to the case of two phase-matched, spatially overlapped amplitude squeezed pulses. For the latter, noise variances of $\ensuremath{-}3.4\mathrm{dB}$ below shot noise in the ${S}_{0}$ and the ${S}_{1}$ and of $\ensuremath{-}2.8\mathrm{dB}$ in the ${S}_{2}$ Stokes parameters were observed, which is comparable to the input squeezing magnitude. Polarization squeezing, that is, squeezing relative to a corresponding polarization minimum uncertainty state, was generated in ${S}_{1}.$

arXiv:quant-ph/0302100•Physical Review A•Jul 22, 2003•65 citations

Soliton squeezing in asymmetric and symmetric fiber Mach-Zehnder nonlinear interferometers

Marco Fiorentino B, Jay E. Sharping, Paul L. Voss +3 more

Summary form only given. Several schemes to generate squeezed light by use of the Kerr nonlinearity in optical fibers have been devised. The most recent experiments used asymmetric Sagnac loops to produce amplitude squeezing. In our experiment the Sagnac geometry is "unfolded" into a Mach-Zehnder, wherein the two arms of the interferometer correspond to the polarization modes of a single-mode PM fiber. This setup allows us to switch from an asymmetric to a symmetric interferometer, and gives us full control of the phase and amplitude of the two interfering pulses. With these degrees of freedom, we are able to maximize noise reduction and perform a full measurement of the noise properties of the soliton squeezed pulses.

Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference•Nov 13, 2002•0 citations

Squeezed pulsed light from a fiber ring interferometer

K. Bergman, H. A. Haus

Observation of squeezed noise, 5 +/- 0.3 dB below the shot noise level, generated with pulses in a fiber ring interferometer is reported. The interferometric geometry is used to separate the pump pulse from the squeezed vacuum radiation. A portion of the pump is reused as the local oscillator in a homodyne detection. The pump fluctuations are successfully subtracted and shot noise limited performance is achieved at low frequencies (35-85 KHz). A possible utilization of the generated squeezed vacuum in improving a fiber gyro's signal to noise ratio is discussed.

•Feb 1, 1992•1 citation
A pulse-excited Sagnac fiber interferometer can perform squeezing. If this squeezed radiation is injected into a second Sagnac interferometer that is functioning as a fiber gyro that is itself nonlinear, additional unfavorable squeezing occurs in the gyro. By proper phase adjustment of the injected squeezed radiation it is possible to minimize this effect as long as the Sagnac interferometer that is performing the squeezing has a sufficiently large nonlinearity.
Experiments in our laboratory have arrived at squeezing in a pulse-excited fiber ring. The pulse excitation suppresses stimulated Brillouin scattering, and at the low frequencies used for the measurement, which are made possible by the pump separation, guided acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering is ineffective. It is likely that large squeezing can be realized by using solitons in the same fiber-ring configuration, because solitons assure better squeezing phase profiles. These findings encouraged us to "design" a fiber gyro that performs below the standard quantum limit. It consists of two fiber-ring reflectors; the first acts as a squeezer, and the second acts as a Sagnac interferometer. We use the theory of quantization of solitons.1 The pulse injected into the first fiber ring is a sech adjusted so as to travel as a pair of countertraveling solitons in the squeezing ring.2 The ring acts like a Mach-Zehnder interferometer folded back on itself. The pump is reflected from the pump port, and the vacuum port has squeezed vacuum emerging from it. The pump is recycled in the second Sagnac ring to act as the signal for the rotation sensing. The squeezed vacuum from the first ring is injected into the vacuum port of the Sagnac interferometer. Because practical design considerations dictate fiber lengths on the order of 100 m for both rings, the nonlinearity in the Sagnac ring cannot be neglected. It produces its own squeezing but in the wrong phase for detector noise reduction. However, by proper adjustment of the squeezing in both interferometers, it is possible to counteract the harmful squeezing effect in the Sagnac interferometer and still arrive at a net reduction of the detector noise.
The greater confinement of light that is possible in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) leads to greater effective nonlinearity, which promises to yield greater quantum squeezing than is possible in standard optical fiber. However, experimental work to date has not achieved improvements over standard fiber. We present a comprehensive numerical investigation of polarization squeezing in PCF in a Sagnac configuration. By including loss, a noninstantaneous Raman response, excess phase-noise, second- and third-order dispersion, and self-steepening, the simulations are able to identify the physical factors that limit current PCF squeezing experiments.
We report on the generation of polarization squeezing of intense, short light pulses using an asymmetric fiber-optic Sagnac interferometer. The Kerr nonlinearity of the fiber is exploited to produce independent amplitude squeezed pulses. The polarization squeezing properties of spatially overlapped amplitude squeezed and coherent states are discussed. The experimental results for a single-amplitude squeezed beam are compared to the case of two phase-matched, spatially overlapped amplitude squeezed pulses. For the latter, noise variances of $\ensuremath{-}3.4\mathrm{dB}$ below shot noise in the S0{S}_{0}S0​ and the S1{S}_{1}S1​ and of $\ensuremath{-}2.8\mathrm{dB}$ in the S2{S}_{2}S2​ Stokes parameters were observed, which is comparable to the input squeezing magnitude. Polarization squeezing, that is, squeezing relative to a corresponding polarization minimum uncertainty state, was generated in S1.{S}_{1}.S1​.
Summary form only given. Several schemes to generate squeezed light by use of the Kerr nonlinearity in optical fibers have been devised. The most recent experiments used asymmetric Sagnac loops to produce amplitude squeezing. In our experiment the Sagnac geometry is "unfolded" into a Mach-Zehnder, wherein the two arms of the interferometer correspond to the polarization modes of a single-mode PM fiber. This setup allows us to switch from an asymmetric to a symmetric interferometer, and gives us full control of the phase and amplitude of the two interfering pulses. With these degrees of freedom, we are able to maximize noise reduction and perform a full measurement of the noise properties of the soliton squeezed pulses.
Observation of squeezed noise, 5 +/- 0.3 dB below the shot noise level, generated with pulses in a fiber ring interferometer is reported. The interferometric geometry is used to separate the pump pulse from the squeezed vacuum radiation. A portion of the pump is reused as the local oscillator in a homodyne detection. The pump fluctuations are successfully subtracted and shot noise limited performance is achieved at low frequencies (35-85 KHz). A possible utilization of the generated squeezed vacuum in improving a fiber gyro's signal to noise ratio is discussed.