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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Quantum key distribution for security guarantees over QoS-driven 3D satellite networks

Ping Wang, Xi Zhang, Genshe Chen, Khanh Dai Pham, Erik Blasch

Published Jun 3, 2014• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In recent years, quantum-based communication is emerging as a new technique for ensuring secured communications because it can guarantee absolute security between two different remote entities. Quantum communication performs the transmission and exchange of quantum information among distant nodes within a network. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a methodology for generating and distributing random encryption keys using the principles of quantum physics. In this paper, we investigate the techniques on how to efficiently use QKD in 3D satellite networks and propose an effective method to overcome its communications-distance limitations. In order to implement secured and reliable communications over wireless satellite links, we develop a free-space quantum channel model in satellite communication networks. To enlarge the communications distances over 3D satellite networks, we propose to employ the intermediate nodes to relay the unconditional keys and guarantee the Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) for security requirement over 3D satellite networks. We also propose the communication model for QKD security-Quality of Service (QoS) guarantee and an adaptive cooperative routing selection scheme to optimize the throughput performance of QKD-based satellite communications networks. The obtained simulation results verify our proposed schemes.

DOI
10.1117/12.2050726

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In recent years, quantum-based communication is emerging as a new technique for ensuring secured communications because it can guarantee absolute security between two different remote entities. Quantum communication performs the transmission and exchange of quantum information among distant nodes within a network. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a methodology for generating and distributing random encryption keys using the principles of quantum physics. In this paper, we investigate the techniques on how to efficiently use QKD in 3D satellite networks and propose an effective method to overcome its communications-distance limitations. In order to implement secured and reliable communications over wireless satellite links, we develop a free-space quantum channel model in satellite communication networks. To enlarge the communications distances over 3D satellite networks, we propose to employ the intermediate nodes to relay the unconditional keys and guarantee the Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) for security requirement over 3D satellite networks. We also propose the communication model for QKD security-Quality of Service (QoS) guarantee and an adaptive cooperative routing selection scheme to optimize the throughput performance of QKD-based satellite communications networks. The obtained simulation results verify our proposed schemes.
In recent years, quantum-based techniques have attracted significant research attention because of its unique advantages on satellite communications, especially for security problem. Security guarantee is one of the most important requirements in QoS-driven 3D satellite networks. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a methodology for generating and distributing random encryption keys using the principles of quantum physics, which enables two distant communications parties to securely communicate in a way that cannot be eavesdropped on without being detected. Although the QKD method can ensure the absolute security transmission over 3D satellite networks, it imposes many new implementation challenges due to the various limitations on quantum communication over long distances via 3D free space, including quantum channel attenuation, photon-state disruption and vulnerability to noise/interference, laser-beam widening, and constrained security-key generation rate. These problems get even more challenging when QoS provisioning is required for the applications over the 3D satellite networks. To overcome the aforementioned difficulties, we propose the framework to efficiently implement the QKD for security guarantees over quantum-repeater-based QoS-driven 3D satellite networks. First, we develop the quantum-repeater-based QKD satellite network architecture. Then, we design the quantum repeater including the purification scheduling algorithm and the optimal QoS-based repeating-router selection scheme in quantum-repeater-based QKD satellite networks. Finally, the obtained simulations evaluation validate and evaluate our proposed algorithms and schemes.
Quantum cryptography is one of the most promising technologies for guaranteeing the absolute security in communications over various advanced networks, including fiber networks and wireless networks. In particular, quantum key distribution is an efficient encryption scheme on implementing secure satellite communications between satellites and ground stations. However, it faces many new challenges such as high attenuation and low polarization-preserving capability or extreme sensitivity to the environment. In order to guarantee the quality of service (QoS) provisioning of quantum communications over 3D satellite networks, we need to focus on the security problem and throughput efficiency through correcting the errors resulted from the objective and adversary influences. To overcome these problems, we model the noisy quantum channel and implement an efficient quantum error correction scheme to ensure the security and increase the quantum throughput efficiency in QKD-based satellite networks. The simulation results obtained show that our proposed efficient QEC scheme for QoS guarantee outperforms the other existing quantum error correction schemes in terms of security and the quantum throughput efficiency.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) has attracted much attention on secure communications across global networks. QKD over satellite networks can overcome the limitations of terrestrial optical networks, such as large attenuation over long distance fiber channel and difficulty of intercontinental domain communications. Different QKD networks (around the world) can intercommunicate through quantum satellites, leading to a global quantum network in near future. This raises a new resource allocation and management problem of QKD involving multiple satellite layers and distributed ground stations. Using existing schemes, a single satellite cannot perform QKD for ground stations for the whole day. Moreover, the research problem is more challenging due to limitations of satellite coverage: limited cover time of low earth orbit (LEO) satellite, high channel losses of geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite, etc. To overcome these limitations, our study proposes a double-layer quantum satellite network (QSN) implemented quantum key pool (QKP) to relay keys for ground stations. We propose a new architecture of trusted-repeater-based double-layer quantum satellite networks, comprising GEO and LEO satellites. We also address the routing and key allocation (RKA) problem for key-relay services over QSNs. We propose a novel joint GEO-LEO routing and key allocation (JGL-RKA) algorithm to solve the RKA problem. Simulative results show that the proposed scheme can increase success probability of key-relay services significantly. We also present the impact of different route selections mechanisms, number of satellite links, satellite node capability, and service granularity on network performance.
Quantum key distribution is an effective encryption technique which can be used to perform secure quantum communication between satellite and ground stations. Quantum cryptography enhances security in various networks such as optical fibers and wireless networks. In addition to this, these networks become vulnerable in presence of high attenuation due to atmospheric effects and noise. Hence, errors occurs due to decoherence. The noisy quantum channel is modeled and implemented by the redundancy-free quantum error correction scheme which provides better security and throughput efficiency as shown in simulation results.
Quantum key distribution is an effective encryption technique which can be used to perform secure quantum communication between satellite and ground stations. Quantum cryptography enhances security in various networks such as optical fibers and wireless networks. In addition to this, these networks become vulnerable in presence of high attenuation due to atmospheric effects and noise. Hence, errors occur due to decoherence. The noisy quantum channel is modeled and implemented by the redundancy-free quantum error correction scheme which provides better security and throughput efficiency as shown in simulation results.
Various optical quantum key distribution protocols have been proposed and examined to implement a global quantum communication system both in fiber-based network and in free-space systems. Employing a satellite as a quantum relay is a possible solution to increase the secure covered distance, which is available for sharing secure keys between two remote ground stations. In this paper, combining with the idea of measurement device independent quantum key distribution, a modified free-space quantum communication protocol is proposed to build a QKD network with untrusted nodes, where the parties on the ground send quantum signals to the untrusted satellite relay that perform a joint measurement on the incoming signals. Our results demonstrate that though the modified protocol suffers higher link attentuation than the entanglement-based quantum communication protocol owing to higher effects of atmospheric turbulence for uplink, our modified protocol provides secure quantum communications with untrusted relays. Furthermore, the complex and non-space-qualified sources remain on the ground in our scheme , which makes our scheme more practical for bridging a seamless connection form ground to space.