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Optics Letters

Four-wave sum mixing in beryllium around hydrogen Lyman-α

Rita Mahon, Frank S. Tomkins, Daniel E. Kelleher, Thomas J. Mcilrath

Published Nov 1, 1979• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Radiation was generated between 1210 and 1230 A by four-wave sum mixing in beryllium vapor where the 2s(2)(1)S-2s3d(1)D transition was two-photon resonant. Results indicate that beryllium will be an efficient nonlinear medium in this spectral region with improvements to the stability of the furnace to allow phase matching and operation at higher pressures.

DOI
10.1364/ol.4.000360

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Radiation was generated between 1210 and 1230 A by four-wave sum mixing in beryllium vapor where the 2s(2)(1)S-2s3d(1)D transition was two-photon resonant. Results indicate that beryllium will be an efficient nonlinear medium in this spectral region with improvements to the stability of the furnace to allow phase matching and operation at higher pressures.
A coherent continuous-wave Lyman-alpha source based on four-wave sum-frequency mixing in mercury vapor has been realized with solid-state lasers. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility is enhanced by the 6(1)S - 7(1)S two-photon resonance and the near 6(1)S-6(3)P one-photon resonance. The phase matching curve for this four-wave mixing scheme is observed for the first time. In addition we investigate the two-photon enhancement of the Lyman-alpha yield and observe that the maxima of Lyman-alpha generation are shifted compared to the two-photon resonances of the different isotopes.
The sum-frequency generation process using strong-field coupling and quantum interference is described systematically using atomic hydrogen both in theory and experiment. It is shown that strong coupling at the 3p-2s transition creates destructive interference to reduce the linear susceptibility at the resonant 3p\ensuremath{\leftarrow}1s transition. Simultaneously, two-photon coupling of the 2s and 1s states produces constructive interference to resonantly enhance the nonlinear susceptibility for sum-frequency generation at the 3p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1s (Lyman-\ensuremath{\beta}) transition. Experimental results clearly demonstrate the theoretical predictions. When the Rabi frequency for the 3p-2s coupling exceeds the Doppler tail of the medium, the photoion signals on resonance are suppressed significantly because of induced transparency. The generated Lyman-\ensuremath{\beta} radiation grows rapidly by a factor of 250 at an atom density of 1015{10}^{15}1015 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ and interaction length of 3.5 cm, resulting in a conversion efficiency of 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4}$.