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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Optical parametric system with a two-component pump: quantum noises and sensitivity

Andrey V. Gusev, Victor V. Kulagin

Published Feb 25, 1999• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

ABSTRACT The possibility of sensitivity improvement for parametric transducers with two-component pump by new algorithm of data processing is discussed. Keywords : Quantum noises , parametric systems , quantum non-demolation measurement , optimal filtration of vector signals 1. INTRODUCTION A measurement of a weak classical force acting on a high quality mechanical system plays an important role infundamental physical experiments with probe bodies (for example, in detection of cosmic gravitational waves). Anelaboration of a low noise sensitive element which is able to record a weak displacement of mechanical system is espessially essential in these experiments. The most perspective variant of such transducers is an optical Fabry-Perot interferometer in which one mirror is rigidly connected to a mass of a mechanical oscillator.A maximal sensitivity of a parametric transducer based on modulation of a reactive parameter of an electrical(optical) system is defined in non-regenerative regime by the standard quantum limit'

DOI
10.1117/12.340140

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ABSTRACT The possibility of sensitivity improvement for parametric transducers with two-component pump by new algorithm of data processing is discussed. Keywords : Quantum noises , parametric systems , quantum non-demolation measurement , optimal filtration of vector signals 1. INTRODUCTION A measurement of a weak classical force acting on a high quality mechanical system plays an important role infundamental physical experiments with probe bodies (for example, in detection of cosmic gravitational waves). Anelaboration of a low noise sensitive element which is able to record a weak displacement of mechanical system is espessially essential in these experiments. The most perspective variant of such transducers is an optical Fabry-Perot interferometer in which one mirror is rigidly connected to a mass of a mechanical oscillator.A maximal sensitivity of a parametric transducer based on modulation of a reactive parameter of an electrical(optical) system is defined in non-regenerative regime by the standard quantum limit'
The high-sensitivity quantum detection of a resonant classical force acting on a quantum harmonic oscillator can be significantly improved by employing a resonant optical parametric transducer. This technique leverages the unique properties of parametric interactions to enhance the response of the measurement system while maintaining quantum-limited performance. We demonstrate that such a configuration not only enables quantum back-action evading (BAE) measurements, surpassing the Standard Quantum Limit (SQL) of sensitivity, it also provides a mechanism for noiseless amplification of the classical signal. The key to this enhancement lies in the ability of the parametric transducer to generate and separately measure the upper and lower modulation sidebands induced by the external force. By decoupling and analyzing these sidebands independently, the system becomes capable of amplifying the signal without introducing additional noise, effectively circumventing quantum measurement constraints.
The sensitivity of the displacement transducer pumped with a train of high-intensity laser pulses is estimated. Due to the multicomponent character of the pump a consideration of transformations of the signal and the noises between optical modes plays an important role in estimation of the potential sensitivity. An expression for the minimal detectable external classical force resembles those for the continuous wave pumping with substitution of the laser power by a time averaged power of pulsed laser. Possible scheme for back action noise compensation for such transducers is considered. For full suppression of back action noise the field of local oscillator has to be pulsed with the same time dependence as the pump field.
The sensitivity of the displacement transducer pumped with a train of high-intensity laser pulses is estimated. Due to the multicomponent character of the pump a consideration of transformations of the signal and the noises between optical modes plays an important role in estimation of the potential sensitivity. An expression for the minimal detectable external classical force resembles those for the continuous wave pumping with substitution of the laser power by a time-averaged power of pulsed laser. A possible scheme for back-action noise compensation for such transducers is considered. For full suppression of back-action noise the field of local oscillator has to be pulsed with the same time dependence as the pump field.
The quantum limit for resolution in force measurement using active interferometric optical transducer of displacement is proved to be less than the standard quantum limit (SQL) if one measures not the phase but a specially chosen quadrature amplitude in the output wave, squeezed by a mechanism of ponderomotive nonlinearity. Consideration of two types of active transducer having three-level atoms gain and parametric gain is given. Noises of spontaneous emission, fluctuations due to losses in mirrors and effect of radiative friction are taken into account.
Cavity optomechanics originated from the research of interferometric detection of gravitational waves, and later became a fast-growing area of techniques and approaches ranging from the fields of atomic, molecular, and optical physics to nano-science and condensed matter physics as well. Recently, it focused on the exploration of operating mechanical oscillators deep in the quantum regime, with an interest ranging from quantum-classical interface tests to high-precision quantum metrology. In this paper, recent theoretical work of our group in the field of quantum measurement with cavity optomechanical systems is reviewed. We explore the quantum measurement theory and its applications with several unconventional cavity optomechanical schemes working in the quantum regime. This review covers the basics of quantum noises in the cavity optomechanical setups and the resulting standard quantum limit of precision displacement and force measurement. Three novel quantum measurement proposals based on the hybrid optomechanical system are introduced. First, we describe a quantum back-action insulated weak force sensor. It is realized by forming a quantum-mechanics-free subsystem with two optomechanical oscillators of reversed effective mass. Then we introduce a role-reversed atomic optomechanical system which enables the preparation and the quantum tomography of a variety of non-classical states of atoms. In this system, the cavity field acts as a mechanical oscillator driven by the radiation pressure force from an ultracold atomic field. In the end, we recommend a multimode optomechanical transducer that can detect intensities significantly below the single-photon level via adiabatic transfer of the microwave signal to the optical frequency domain. These proposals demonstrate the possible applications of optomechanical devices in understanding of quantum-classical crossover and in achieving quantum measurement limit.