Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of Applied Physics

Stark effects on the spectra of trivalent praseodymium ions in strontium fluorapatite laser host

Dhiraj Kumar Sardar, Felipe S. Salinas, Raylon M. Yow

Published Oct 15, 2000• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An optical characterization of the Stark components of the 1D2 and 3H4 manifolds has been performed using the fluorescence spectra for the 1D2→3H4 transition of Pr3+ in Sr5(PO4)3F laser host at 10 K. The temperature dependencies of the spectral width, position, and shift of the sharp, intense inter-Stark transition of the 623.6 (X2→Y5) nm line within the 1D2→3H4 inter-manifold transition have been also investigated. The linewidth of this transition was found to increase with increasing crystal temperature. Also, the 623.6 nm line was found to shift toward the longer wavelength (redshift) as temperature was increased. The experimental results of the temperature dependent width and shift of this line are explained in light of the Debye model, which invokes phonon-ion interaction in crystalline solids.

DOI
10.1063/1.1310183

Related papers

Temperature effect on emission lines and fluorescence lifetime of the 4F3/2 state of Nd:YVO4

Yanli Mao, Ming‐Ju Huang, Changshun Wang

By measuring the absorption and fluorescence spectra and the fluorescence lifetime of ^{4}F_{3/2} state of Nd^{3+} ions in YVO_{4} (2 at.-{\%}) crystal at different temperature, the effects of temperature on the spectra and the lifetime of ^{4}F_{3/2} state have been investigated. As the temperature is increased, the line width of the ^{4}F_{3/2}-->^4I_{11/2} transitions is found to increase and the spectral line toward the longer wavelength, which are duo to the ion-phonon interaction. The variation fluorescence lifetime of the ^{4}F_{3/2} state of Nd:YVO_{4} is found to be anomalous in the measured range 8-300 K. It is about 81 us at room temperature and decreases to 30 us at 8 K. The experimental results are explained by ascribing to the thermal mixing between the two Stark levels of ^{4}F_{3/2} state with different lifetime.

Chinese Optics Letters•Feb 10, 2004•7 citations

Spectroscopic detection of single Pr3+ ions on the 3H4−1D2 transition

Emanuel Eichhammer, Tobias Utikal, Stephan Götzinger +1 more

Rare earth ions in crystals exhibit narrow spectral features and hyperfine-split ground states with exceptionally long coherence times. These features make them ideal platforms for quantum information processing in the solid state. Recently, we reported on the first high-resolution spectroscopy of single ions in yttrium orthosilicate nanocrystals via the transition at a wavelength of 488 nm. Here we show that individual praseodymium ions can also be detected on the more commonly studied transition at 606 nm. In addition, we present the first measurements of the second-order autocorrelation function, fluorescence lifetime, and emission spectra of single ions in this system as well as their polarization dependencies on both transitions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that by a proper choice of the crystallite, one can obtain narrower spectral lines and, thus, resolve the hyperfine levels of the excited state. We expect our results to make single-ion spectroscopy accessible to a larger scientific community.

arXiv:1504.00857•New Journal of Physics•Aug 10, 2015•34 citations

Optical characterization of excited-state spin Hamiltonians and clock transitions at telecommunication wavelength in Tm3+:YAlO3

Akshay Babu Karyath, Luozhen Li, Julien Bertrand +6 more

The zero-phonon line (ZPL) between the two excited-state manifolds 3F4 and 3H4 of the trivalent thulium ion in yttrium aluminum perovskite (Tm3+:YAlO3) lies within the telecom E-band at around 1451 nm and exhibits an optical coherence time of a few μs at cryogenic temperatures. To improve this time in view of potential applications, e.g. single-photon sources and optical quantum memory, we characterized the magnetic properties of the lowest Stark levels of these two manifolds. Varying the external magnetic field amplitude and orientation, we measured the enhanced nuclear Zeeman splitting by probing the field-dependent frequency detuning of side holes created by means of spectral hole burning, and we characterized the inhomogeneous line shift caused by the quadratic Zeeman interaction. Together, this allowed us to establish the spin Hamiltonians for the lowest Stark level of the 3F4 and 3H4 manifolds, and to predict optical clock transitions for particular orientations and magnitudes of the magnetic field

quant-pharXiv:2609.31194•Sep 28, 2026•0 citations

Phonon-Induced Relaxation in Excited Optical States of Trivalent Praseodymium in La F3

William M. Yen, W. C. Scott, ARTHUR L. SCHAWLOW

Phonon-ion interactions have recently been shown to satisfactorily explain the temperature dependence of widths and positions of the $R$ lines of some $3d$ ions in crystals. These interactions give rise to phonon relaxation processes and are investigated here as the mechanisms responsible for the widths and positions of sharp optical transitions in ($4f$) ions, in particular La${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$: ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$. The widths of transitions originating or terminating in the metastable $^{3}P_{0}$ state and involving the $^{3}H_{4}$, $^{3}H_{6}$, $^{3}F_{2}$, and $^{3}F_{4}$ states of ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ in La${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ have been investigated as a function of temperature and are found to be both qualitatively and quantitatively explainable in terms of lifetime broadening of the interacting states via nonradiative processes. Temperature-dependent shifts have also been measured for the above four groups of transitions and are shown to be in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions. Additional features of the La${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$: ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ spectrum, including several unreported weak transitions and vibrational sidebands, are also reported.

Physical Review•Oct 5, 1964•270 citations

Phonon-Induced Transverse Relaxation in LaF3:Pr3+ Measured by Photon Echoes

T. Kohmoto, Hiroki Nakatsuka, Masahiro Matsuoka

Temperature dependences of backward photon echo intensity have been measured from 5°K to 13°K on the 3P0–3H4 (4778 Å) and 1D2–3H4 (5925 Å) transitions of LaF3:Pr3+. Over six orders of magnitude (on the 3P0–3H4 transition) and three orders of magnitude (on the 1D2–3H4 transition) of the photon echo intensity, the experimental results are explained by the one-phonon process (the direct process) taking into account the energy differences between the echo levels and their adjacent levels. Preliminary measurements have also been made on the 4G7/2–4I9/2 (5221 Å) and 4G5/2–4I9/2 (5775 Å) transitions of LaF3:Nd3+.

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics•Sep 1, 1983•19 citations

Single-frequency continuous-wave diode-pumped Pr3+:BaY2F8 orange laser

David Pabœuf, Oussama Mhibik, Fabien Bretenaker +3 more

The optical transition (3H4→1D2) of trivalent praseodymium embedded in crystalline matrices is a promising candidate for the realization of optically controlled quantum memories. This application requires a specific laser source emitting at 606 nm whose short-term linewidth is smaller than the linewidth of the considered ion, i.e., in the kHz range. Currently, this can only be addressed with a highly frequency stabilized dye laser [1]. In order to develop a simpler all-solid-state laser source suitable for coherent processing of Pr3+, we have explored Pr3+-doped fluoride materials which are well-known to offer a large range of available laser transitions in the visible spectrum ranging from blue to red [2] including an orange one around 600 nm, the pumping transitions lying in the blue between 445 and 480 nm. The recent developments of high power blue laser diodes emitting around 445 nm enable now the pumping of Pr-doped lasers in a compact setup. We present, here, the results we obtained with the diode pumping of a Pr3+:BaY2F8(Pr:BYF) crystal which emits at 607 nm.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•May 1, 2011•0 citations
An optical characterization of the Stark components of the 1D2 and 3H4 manifolds has been performed using the fluorescence spectra for the 1D2→3H4 transition of Pr3+ in Sr5(PO4)3F laser host at 10 K. The temperature dependencies of the spectral width, position, and shift of the sharp, intense inter-Stark transition of the 623.6 (X2→Y5) nm line within the 1D2→3H4 inter-manifold transition have been also investigated. The linewidth of this transition was found to increase with increasing crystal temperature. Also, the 623.6 nm line was found to shift toward the longer wavelength (redshift) as temperature was increased. The experimental results of the temperature dependent width and shift of this line are explained in light of the Debye model, which invokes phonon-ion interaction in crystalline solids.
By measuring the absorption and fluorescence spectra and the fluorescence lifetime of ^{4}F_{3/2} state of Nd^{3+} ions in YVO_{4} (2 at.-{\%}) crystal at different temperature, the effects of temperature on the spectra and the lifetime of ^{4}F_{3/2} state have been investigated. As the temperature is increased, the line width of the ^{4}F_{3/2}-->^4I_{11/2} transitions is found to increase and the spectral line toward the longer wavelength, which are duo to the ion-phonon interaction. The variation fluorescence lifetime of the ^{4}F_{3/2} state of Nd:YVO_{4} is found to be anomalous in the measured range 8-300 K. It is about 81 us at room temperature and decreases to 30 us at 8 K. The experimental results are explained by ascribing to the thermal mixing between the two Stark levels of ^{4}F_{3/2} state with different lifetime.
Rare earth ions in crystals exhibit narrow spectral features and hyperfine-split ground states with exceptionally long coherence times. These features make them ideal platforms for quantum information processing in the solid state. Recently, we reported on the first high-resolution spectroscopy of single ions in yttrium orthosilicate nanocrystals via the transition at a wavelength of 488 nm. Here we show that individual praseodymium ions can also be detected on the more commonly studied transition at 606 nm. In addition, we present the first measurements of the second-order autocorrelation function, fluorescence lifetime, and emission spectra of single ions in this system as well as their polarization dependencies on both transitions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that by a proper choice of the crystallite, one can obtain narrower spectral lines and, thus, resolve the hyperfine levels of the excited state. We expect our results to make single-ion spectroscopy accessible to a larger scientific community.
The zero-phonon line (ZPL) between the two excited-state manifolds 3F4 and 3H4 of the trivalent thulium ion in yttrium aluminum perovskite (Tm3+:YAlO3) lies within the telecom E-band at around 1451 nm and exhibits an optical coherence time of a few μs at cryogenic temperatures. To improve this time in view of potential applications, e.g. single-photon sources and optical quantum memory, we characterized the magnetic properties of the lowest Stark levels of these two manifolds. Varying the external magnetic field amplitude and orientation, we measured the enhanced nuclear Zeeman splitting by probing the field-dependent frequency detuning of side holes created by means of spectral hole burning, and we characterized the inhomogeneous line shift caused by the quadratic Zeeman interaction. Together, this allowed us to establish the spin Hamiltonians for the lowest Stark level of the 3F4 and 3H4 manifolds, and to predict optical clock transitions for particular orientations and magnitudes of the magnetic field
Phonon-ion interactions have recently been shown to satisfactorily explain the temperature dependence of widths and positions of the RRR lines of some 3d3d3d ions in crystals. These interactions give rise to phonon relaxation processes and are investigated here as the mechanisms responsible for the widths and positions of sharp optical transitions in (4f4f4f) ions, in particular LaF3{\mathrm{F}}_{3}F3​: Pr3+{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}Pr3+. The widths of transitions originating or terminating in the metastable 3P0^{3}P_{0}3P0​ state and involving the 3H4^{3}H_{4}3H4​, 3H6^{3}H_{6}3H6​, 3F2^{3}F_{2}3F2​, and 3F4^{3}F_{4}3F4​ states of Pr3+{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}Pr3+ in LaF3{\mathrm{F}}_{3}F3​ have been investigated as a function of temperature and are found to be both qualitatively and quantitatively explainable in terms of lifetime broadening of the interacting states via nonradiative processes. Temperature-dependent shifts have also been measured for the above four groups of transitions and are shown to be in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions. Additional features of the LaF3{\mathrm{F}}_{3}F3​: Pr3+{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}Pr3+ spectrum, including several unreported weak transitions and vibrational sidebands, are also reported.
Temperature dependences of backward photon echo intensity have been measured from 5°K to 13°K on the 3P0–3H4 (4778 Å) and 1D2–3H4 (5925 Å) transitions of LaF3:Pr3+. Over six orders of magnitude (on the 3P0–3H4 transition) and three orders of magnitude (on the 1D2–3H4 transition) of the photon echo intensity, the experimental results are explained by the one-phonon process (the direct process) taking into account the energy differences between the echo levels and their adjacent levels. Preliminary measurements have also been made on the 4G7/2–4I9/2 (5221 Å) and 4G5/2–4I9/2 (5775 Å) transitions of LaF3:Nd3+.
The optical transition (3H4→1D2) of trivalent praseodymium embedded in crystalline matrices is a promising candidate for the realization of optically controlled quantum memories. This application requires a specific laser source emitting at 606 nm whose short-term linewidth is smaller than the linewidth of the considered ion, i.e., in the kHz range. Currently, this can only be addressed with a highly frequency stabilized dye laser [1]. In order to develop a simpler all-solid-state laser source suitable for coherent processing of Pr3+, we have explored Pr3+-doped fluoride materials which are well-known to offer a large range of available laser transitions in the visible spectrum ranging from blue to red [2] including an orange one around 600 nm, the pumping transitions lying in the blue between 445 and 480 nm. The recent developments of high power blue laser diodes emitting around 445 nm enable now the pumping of Pr-doped lasers in a compact setup. We present, here, the results we obtained with the diode pumping of a Pr3+:BaY2F8(Pr:BYF) crystal which emits at 607 nm.