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Applied Physics Letters

Quality factors of qubit rotations in single semiconductor quantum dots

Qu‐Quan Wang, Andreas Müller, Pablo Bianucci, Chih-Kang Ken Shih, Q. K. Xue

Published Jul 11, 2005• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The quality factors of quantum bit (qubit) rotations in single self-assembled quantum dots were investigated using photoluminescence spectroscopy. Rotations with azimuthal angle ϕ along the equator of the qubit sphere were implemented by varying the time delay between two π∕2 pulses, resulting in a “free rotation” quality factor Q0=9.8×104. Qubit rotations with polar angle θ as large as 10π along the meridian of the qubit sphere (Rabi oscillations with zero detuning) were realized with a quality factor QR∼18, in experiments probing an excited excitonic state.

DOI
10.1063/1.1995950

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arXiv:cond-mat/0608518•Journal of Physics Condensed Matter•Jan 17, 2007•33 citations
The quality factors of quantum bit (qubit) rotations in single self-assembled quantum dots were investigated using photoluminescence spectroscopy. Rotations with azimuthal angle ϕ along the equator of the qubit sphere were implemented by varying the time delay between two π∕2 pulses, resulting in a “free rotation” quality factor Q0=9.8×104. Qubit rotations with polar angle θ as large as 10π along the meridian of the qubit sphere (Rabi oscillations with zero detuning) were realized with a quality factor QR∼18, in experiments probing an excited excitonic state.
The Rabi oscillations of the exciton of the excited state in single semiconductor quantum dots were investigated by using the photoluminesence and nano-spectroscopy technique. The population on the excited state oscillated as a function of phase angle of the qubit were recorded, in which pulse-pairs with the adjustable time delay were used as the excitation. The quality factors of free rotation is about 9.8×104, and that of the dynamic rotation is about 18 for the single quantum dot excitonic qubit based on the experimental observations, The decoherece mechanism of Rabi oscillation stem from the capture processes from wetting layer to quantum dot is also analyzed. The exciton coherent control and the statistic characteristics of single photon emission in single semiconductor quantum dot are discussed as well.
Summary form only given. We use transient nonlinear optical spectroscopy to demonstrate Rabi oscillations between each of the dipole coupled states, corresponding to qubit rotations. The interface fluctuation GaAs quantum dots are probed with sub-micron spatial resolution. The resonant excitation of the biexciton requires a two-color scheme in a hyper Raman gain configuration. To demonstrate exciton Rabi oscillations, the laser wavelength is fixed at the exciton resonance. Exciton and biexciton Rabi oscillations correspond to qubit rotations of the |00> to |01> or |10> state and the |01> or |10> to |11> state respectively, depending on the polarization of the excitation field.
Transient nonlinear optical spectroscopy, performed on excitons confined to single GaAs quantum dots, shows oscillations that are analogous to Rabi oscillations in two-level atomic systems. This demonstration corresponds to a one-qubit rotation in a single quantum dot which is important for proposals using quantum dot excitons for quantum computing. The dipole moment inferred from the data is consistent with that directly obtained from linear absorption studies. The measurement extends the artificial atom model of quantum dot excitonic transitions into the strong-field limit, and makes possible full coherent optical control of the quantum state of single excitons using optical pi pulses.