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Chinese Physics Letters

Residual Doppler Effect on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in a Zeeman Sublevel System

Hu Zhen-Yan, Li Lu-Ming, Chen Pei-rong, Sun Xin

Published May 1, 2010• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the residual Doppler effect on the linewidth of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a Zeeman sublevel system where a careful experimental design ensures the smallest measurement error. The overall measurement error of the EIT linewidth is estimated to be less than 5%. We present the linear dependence of EIT resonance broadening at small angular deviation in detail. The theoretical analysis exploits the dependence of this feature and shows the qualitative agreement between numerical results and experimental results.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/27/5/054212

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We investigate the residual Doppler effect on the linewidth of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a Zeeman sublevel system where a careful experimental design ensures the smallest measurement error. The overall measurement error of the EIT linewidth is estimated to be less than 5%. We present the linear dependence of EIT resonance broadening at small angular deviation in detail. The theoretical analysis exploits the dependence of this feature and shows the qualitative agreement between numerical results and experimental results.
Laser induced line narrowing effect in Doppler broadened systems was discovered thirty years ago. This effect can also be applied to recent experimental studies in high resolution spectroscopy or high precision measurements based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT). In this report we derive an analytic expression for the linewidth of EIT resonance in a Doppler broadened system. It is shown here that the EIT linewidth is proportional to the Rabi frequency of the driving field and is independent of the Doppler width in a limiting case. This recovers the result found in the laser induced line narrowing effect by Feld and Javan. In the other limit, we recovers the usual power broadening case where the EIT linewidth is proportional to the intensity of the driving field and inversely proportional to the Doppler width.
We performed an experimental study on the dependence of the linewidth of electromagetically induced transparency (EIT) on the temperature of medium in a Λ-type configuration using caesium vapour. We found that the transparent window is narrowed in the EIT whose two ground levels are composed of two hyperfine levels and broadened in the case when the two ground levels are degenerated Zeeman sublevels, as the temperature of vapour cell is increased. The explanation for the phenomena is given qualitatively.
We derive an analytic expression for the linewidth of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance in a Doppler-broadened system. It is shown here that for relatively low intensity of the driving field the EIT linewidth is proportional to the square root of intensity and is independent of the Doppler width, similar to the laser-induced line narrowing effect described by Feld and Javan. In the limit of high intensity we recover the usual power-broadening case where the EIT linewidth is proportional to the intensity and inversely proportional to the Doppler width.
We have observed various $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectra in laser-cooled 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms of different laser polarization configurations. Unexpected profiles occur in the EIT spectra. We have found the degenerate Zeeman sublevels are responsible for these profiles. The experimental data are in good agreement with the results from the theoretical calculation which takes into account all the 13 Zeeman levels in the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system. Our study demonstrates that Zeeman sublevels play important roles in quantum interference phenomena such as EIT and amplification without population inversion (AWI), and should be taken into account in the analysis of these phenomena.
Spectroscopy of Rydberg states has become a popular platform for quantum sensing, with the most common readout scheme being two-photon electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) using counterpropagating laser beams. In this scheme, the energy resolution of the Rydberg state is set by the spectral linewidth of the EIT feature. While selection criteria for the two-photon resonance can narrow the linewidth to the order of the Rydberg state decay rate for a single atom, the Doppler shift from thermal velocity of the atoms broadens the ensemble linewidth to the order of the decay rate of the intermediate state. Here, we derive an analytic expression for the Doppler residual line shape in the low-power limit and corroborate the results with experiment. For Rb, we find the full-width-at-half-maximum linewidth limit to be 1.84 MHz when scanning the coupling laser and measure an experimental linewidth of 2.04 MHz. These linewidths are around a factor of 2 narrower than previous theoretical estimates as well as previously reported measured linewidths. With this, we demonstrate the most precise two-photon energy resolution of a Rydberg state in thermal vapor to date. We then map out broadening mechanisms near this limit.
We measured the dependence of the linewidth of an electromagnetically induced transparency resonance on the angle between coupling and probe beams in an atomic cesium vapor. We observed that the nonparallelism of the beams contributes strongly to a broadening of the coherent resonance, even for small angles on the order of a few milliradians. A numerical calculation that agrees qualitatively with the experimental results is also presented. We discuss a possible application of the observed effect for performing cold-atom velocimetry.